SkillBuilder discussion Historical significance Discuss the main effects of Henry VIII’s separation from the Catholic Church and the creation of the Church of England.
SOURCE4 Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, engraved by Johann Raab
Mary’s half-sister, Elizabeth I (1533–1603), became queen. Under Edward and Elizabeth, the Church of England became Protestant. Elizabeth never married, so after her death, James I of Scotland, her closest Protestant relative, became king, followed by his son, Charles I. Charles clashed with Parliament, leading to the English Civil War. In 1645, Parliament’s New Model Army defeated the Royalists. Charles was tried and executed in January 1649. England became a republic after Oliver Cromwell, commander of the New Model Army, was named Lord Protector in 1653. After Cromwell’s death in 1658, his son Richard succeeded him. The monarchy was restored in 1660 but lost much power to Parliament. Over the next 30 years, the monarchy could not suspend laws, levy taxes, raise an army without consent, interfere with elections or punish members for their debates.
SOURCE5 Oliver Cromwell made his first speech in Parliament on 2 March 1629
34 Jacaranda Humanities Alive 8 Victorian Curriculum Third Edition
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