5.6 What was it like to live during the Renaissance? 5.7 How did art, architecture and sculpture change during the Renaissance? 5.8 Who contributed to the Scientific Revolution? 5.9 How did the Renaissance spread? 5.10 What were the Reformation and Counter-Reformation? 5.11 What were the legacies of the Renaissance? 5.12 Inquiry: Who were the significant women of the Renaissance? 5.13 Review
8 Angkor and the Khmer Empire 8.1 Overview
8.2 How do we know about Angkor and the Khmer Empire? 8.3 How much did geography influence Khmer civilisation? 8.4 What was the historical setting? 8.5 How did the Khmer create an empire? 8.6 How did religions influence the Khmer Empire? 8.7 What was life like in the Khmer Empire? 8.8 Why are Angkor’s buildings famous? 8.9 Why did Angkor and the Khmer Empire decline? 8.10 What are the legacies of the Khmer Empire? 8.11 Inquiry: Contested histories 8.12 Review 9 Japan under the sh̄oguns 207 9.1 Overview ..................................................... 208 9.2 How do we know about Japan under the sh̄oguns? .................................................... 210 9.3 What was life like in early Japan? ............... 215 9.4 How did the sh̄oguns take control? ............ 220 9.5 How did Japanese society organise itself? .......................................................... 228 9.6 Who were the samurai? .............................. 233 9.7 How did people express themselves? ........ 237 9.8 How did people use the land? .................... 242 9.9 How did Japan rejoin the world? ................ 245 9.10 Inquiry: What is the significance of Shint̄o and Buddhism? ............................... 251 9.11 Review ........................................................ 253
6 The Spanish and the Americas 121 6.1 Overview ..................................................... 122 6.2 How do we know about the Spanish conquest of the Americas? ......................... 124 6.3 Who were the Aztecs? ................................ 126 6.4 How did the arrival of the conquistadors change the Americas? ................................ 132 6.5 What were the effects of conquest and colonisation? .............................................. 136 6.6 What were the long-term legacies of conquest and colonisation? ........................ 140 6.7 Inquiry: Spanish conquest exhibition .......... 145 6.8 Review ........................................................ 147 7 The Vikings 151 7.1 Overview ..................................................... 152 7.2 How do we know about the Vikings? .......... 154 7.3 How did the geography and climate of Scandinavia influence the Viking way of life? ......................................................... 157 7.4 Who were the Vikings and how did they live? .................................................... 161 7.5 What was the early Viking religion and how did it change? ..................................... 166 7.6 What was the impact of the developments in longboat technology? ...... 172 7.7 How did Viking craftwork protect the warriors in battle? ....................................... 176 7.8 Who did the Vikings attack and raid? ......... 179 7.9 Where did the Vikings begin to settle beyond their homelands? ........................... 182 7.10 Where did the Vikings develop trade routes? ....................................................... 185 7.11 What are some of the extraordinary achievements of the Vikings? ..................... 189 7.12 What are some factors that led to the decline and end of the Viking Age? ............. 194 7.13 Inquiry: How trustworthy are the sagas? ..... 198 7.14 Review ........................................................ 199
10 Mongol expansion 10.1 Overview
10.2 How do we know about the Mongol expansion? 10.3 What was China like before Mongol conquest? 10.4 Who were the Mongols? 10.5 How did Temujin come to power? 10.6 How did the Mongols conquer the world? 10.7 What was China like under Mongol rule? 10.8 What was the Yuan court like? 10.9 Was there peace under Mongol rule? 10.10 How did the empire end? 10.11 Inquiry: How did the Mongolian armies conquer and control societies? 10.12 Review
vi CONTENTS
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