LESSON 2.8 Review 2.8.1
Key knowledge summary Use this dot point summary to review the content covered in this topic. 2.2 How do we know about the emergence of the modern world? • Most Europeans were illiterate. • The printing press allowed new ideas to spread among educated people. • Printing helped more written sources survive. • We must be aware of bias. • Archaeological sources show evidence of trade, work, religion, war and daily life. 2.3 What caused economic and social change in the Early Modern Period? • This was a time of transition from feudalism to capitalism. • The Price Revolution brought wealth to some and poverty to others. • Many social classes, like craftspeople and peasants, were unhappy. • Rulers replaced knights with standing armies and mercenaries. 2.4 How did the Protestant Reformation bring about change? • Religion greatly influenced people’s thinking. • Martin Luther began the Protestant Reformation in 1517. • The Peasants’ War was inspired by Luther but he rejected social revolt. • Other forms of Protestantism and the Catholic Reformation also developed. 2.5 How did the power of rulers change in Early Modern Europe? • The Thirty Years’ War caused many deaths in Germany. • Rulers in France, Spain and Russia gained more power. • In England, Parliament became more powerful. 2.6 What were the achievements of the Scientific Revolution? • Many famous scientists made important discoveries. • It was dangerous to challenge Catholic Church beliefs. • Some scientists were silenced or killed by the Church or Calvinists. • The Scientific Revolution led to the Enlightenment. • Rulers were supported by townspeople. • Rulers controlled their subjects’ religion. • There are debates about changes during the Early Modern Period. • One example is the link between capitalism and the Reformation. • Historians also debate issues like religious intolerance, class conflict, political power and scientific progress. 2.7 Inquiry: What are the different interpretations of issues in pre Modern Europe? • Historians have different views on pre-Modern Europe. 2.8.2 Key terms
artillery large mounted firearms like cannons capitalism economic system where production and trade are privately owned
capitalist spirit way of thinking behind capitalism chastity choosing not to have sexual relationships clergy officials of the Church
42 Jacaranda Humanities Alive 8 Victorian Curriculum Third Edition
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