contestability when particular interpretations of the past are open to debate continuity and change the concept that while many changes occur over time, some things remain constant conurbation area when cities merge to form one continuous urban area convection current a current created when a fluid is heated, making it less dense and causing it to rise through surrounding fluid and to sink if it is cooled; a steady source of heat can start a continuous current flow converging plate a tectonic boundary where two plates are moving towards each other cooperative a business owned by employees and customers of the business, which operates to benefit its members and society cost of goods sold the direct cost of the goods that have been sold; for example, the raw materials used to make the product cost of materials the price paid by the business for the materials used in generating the sales revenue; also known as the costs of goods sold costs the expenses involved in making a product; some relate to the actual production of the product, others to running the business (e.g. wages and electricity) craftsmen skilled workers who made goods by hand, such as blacksmiths, weavers and shoemakers Crown the King’s authority in the Australian parliament, represented by the governor-general at the federal level and a governor at the state level cultural homogenisation the diversity of unique national identities is being replaced by a uniform identity for all cultural tokenism when demonstrations of national identity lose meaning, becoming token gestures or novelties cultural relating to the ideas, customs and social behaviour of a society current financial position a calculation of what income someone has (money coming in) minus any regular expenses (money going out) curtain wall outer wall surrounding an inner wall in a castle cuspate spits projections of a beach into an enclosed or semi-enclosed lagoon customary law rules for behaviour developed by and for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples daimȳo great feudal lord of Japan during the Classical and sh̄ogunate periods day labourers people who worked for daily wages, often doing unskilled jobs on farms or in towns, without long-term employment decimate to kill, destroy or remove a large proportion of something defamation unlawful damage to a person’s good reputation through written or verbal statements defendant the party in a civil trial against whom an action has been brought deliberative having the power to make decisions democracy a form of government in which the people determine how they will be governed democratic supporting democracy, or a system of government where supreme power is vested in the people and exercised directly by them or by their elected representatives under a free electoral system demographics characteristics relating to population, especially age, gender, ethnicity, employment, income and education deposition the laying down of material carried by rivers, wind, ice and ocean currents destructive wave a large powerful storm wave that has a strong backwash direct taxation a type of tax that is paid straight to the government by individuals or businesses on their income or profits. For example, income tax is a direct tax because it is taken directly from a person’s earnings. dispute an argument dissent disagreeing with a decision, opinion, or set of beliefs, and expressing this disagreement divergent plate a tectonic boundary where two plates are moving away from each other and new continental crust is forming from magma that rises to the Earth’s surface between the two dividends company profits paid to shareholders, either in cash or as more shares doctrine of Mahomet the Muslim faith, following Mohammed’s teachings
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