domain the territory ruled by a daimȳo, including the farming and fishing villages within it dormant inactive or sleeping, with the potential to become active at any time downstream nearer the mouth of a river, or going in the same direction as the current drainage basin an area of land that feeds a river with water, or the whole area of land that is drained by a river and its tributaries duke in England, a lord whose status placed him just below that of a prince; elsewhere in Europe, a ruler of a small state called a duchy or dukedom ecological footprint the amount of productive land needed on average by each person in a selected area for food, water, transport, housing and waste management economic scarcity the economic problem of having unlimited needs and wants, but limited resources to satisfy them economic system a way of organising the production and distribution of the nation’s goods, services and incomes economics a social science (study of human behaviour) that analyses the decisions made by individuals, businesses and governments about how limited resources are used to satisfy society’s unlimited needs andwants economy a system established to determine what to produce, how to produce and to whom production will be distributed ecosystem an interconnected community of plants, animals and other organisms electorate an area of Australia that elects one member to parliament emigrants people exiting their country of origin employees the people who make the product or provide the service to the customers. Employees have a massive effect on the outcome of a business. employer the person or business that pays workers for the work they do endemic normally and regularly found in a particular location or environment entrepreneur a person who sets up a business or businesses, taking on financial risks in the hope of profit environment the natural and human surroundings in which people, plants and animals live, including ecosystems, landscapes and built environments. epicentre the point on the Earth’s surface directly above the focus of an earthquake erosion the wearing away and removal of soil and rock by natural elements, such as wind and water, and by human activity escarpment a steep slope or cliff formed by erosion or vertical movement of the Earth’s crust along a fault line estuary the wide part of a river at the place where it joins the sea evaluations the process of assessing something to determine its value, effectiveness or impact evidence information that indicates whether something is true or really happened excommunicated banned from Church membership expenses the regular outgoings of money (money out) that a person may have. This might include rent or a mortgage, grocery bills, energy bills, a loan repayment for a car, and medical bills. export a good or services sold by local businesses to overseas consumers fallow when a field was left for a period without being sown in order to restore its fertility through the nutrients in the soil fault plane the area of a tectonic plate that moves vertically as a result of an earthquake fault an area on the Earth’s surface that has a fracture; a fault lies at the major boundaries between Earth’s tectonic plates fetch the distance over which the wind blows across the surface of water. A long fetch results in larger, more powerful waves, whereas a short fetch results in smaller waves. feudal aristocracy (nobles) the highest-ranking group in medieval society; powerful landowners who gained their status through birth and service to royalty feudalism social order in medieval Europe
664 GLOSSARY
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