standard of proof the level of proof required to establish a case. In criminal law, the prosecution must prove that the accused is guilty beyond reasonable doubt. statute law law made by parliament statutory interpretation the process used by judges to decide the meaning of words or phrases in a statute (Act of Parliament) stereotype widely held but oversimplified idea of a type of person or thing stirrup foot supports suspended from a saddle by straps strata (singular: stratum) distinct layers of material beneath the ground, built up over time, that provide information for archaeologists and geologists subduction when two tectonic plates converge, one will be forced under the other and into the mantle. The other plate will be pushed up, forming mountains. subjective based on personal feelings rather than on facts summary offence a minor criminal offence such as a road traffic offence and minor assault superannuation fund the amount of money a person has in their retirement fund. This will consist of the payments that the person has made from their income, combined with what their employer has contributed. superannuation or super is the term for retirement funds. Most working Australians pay into a super fund from their income (as wage or salary) and employers make similar regular contributions. sustainability meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs swash the movement of water in a wave as it breaks onto a beach tabled in parliament a document presented to both houses of parliament for review before a legislation is passed tapestry carpet-like wall-hanging tariff a tax on goods imported from a foreign country tax a compulsory financial charge or some other type of levy imposed on an individual, household or business by a government body in order to fund government spending tea ceremony an ancient Japanese ritual of serving and drinking tea tectonic plate one of the slow-moving plates that make up the Earth’s crust. Volcanoes and earthquakes often occur at the edges of plates. temperate zone describes the relatively mild climate experienced in the zones between the tropics and the polar circles terra nullius (‘land belonging to no-one’) in Australia, the legal idea that since no-one was ‘using’ the land when the first Europeans arrived, it could be claimed by the British Crown thatch straw used for making roofs theologian a person who is considered to be an expert in religious matters thing regional meeting held to decide local issues in Norway and Iceland during the Viking Age timeline a diagrammatic tool representing a period of time, on which events are placed in chronological order townspeople those who lived in towns and cities, including merchants, craftsmen, and labourers. They were not part of the feudal system like peasants and nobles. transboundary river a river that flows through multiple countries, creating international borders transport the movement of eroded materials to a new location by elements such as wind and water treaty a formal agreement between two or more nations tree change movement of people from major cities to live near the forest to achieve a change of lifestyle trespass a tort (civil wrong) involving direct and intentional interference with a person, or a person’s land or goods tributary a state that gives payment to another state or ruler tuberculosis a serious and infectious disease that affects the lungs typhoon name given to big tropical storms in the Pacific and Indian Ocean unemployment benefit a welfare payment by government to people who are unemployed and looking for work. Such payments in Australia are generally known as the JobSeeker Payment.
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