crimes against 72 hierarchy of 76 parish 76–7 power and authority of 75–8 Church of England 30, 34 cities 464–5 citizenship concepts in 488 contemporary issues 488–9, 492 citizenship test 567 city-state 93, 112 civic processes 553 civics concepts in 488 contemporary issues 488–9, 492 participating in 490, 492 civil law 543–7 civil war 220, 254 civilisations 13, 104 clan 254 class changes 105–6 clergy 42, 57, 60, 112 coastal environments Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander 334 case study 349 deposition in 296–8 management 339–40 coastal erosion 293 coastal landforms 295 coastal landscapes 293–9 deposition in coastal environments 296–8 by erosion 295 Coastal Lowlands 306 codex 124, 141, 147 codification of common law 540–1 codified 549, 558 coexist 132, 147 cohesive society 562 cold deserts 322 colonisation effects of 136–40 long-term legacies 140–5 of New Spain 143 Colorado Plateau 368 Columbian Exchange 138, 141 Columbus, Christopher 132 commercial revolution 25, 42 common law 534–58 abrogation of 541 codification of 540–1
Commonwealth Bank 601 communication 9–10, 12 68–490, 492–3 community 506–7 community justice 70 compare 81 competition 649–50, 656 compost 351 concentric 112 concentric curtain walls 63 confidence 508, 520 Confucianism 218 conquest clans and 216–17 effects of 136–40 conquistadors 124, 147 conscript 254 constructive waves 294, 296 consumer literacy 616–20 consumers 600 contemporary artists 53–4 contemporary issues 490, 492–3 contemporary markets 645–6 contestability 13 continental plate 395 continued erosion 295 continuity 5, 13 continuity and change 8–9, 13 conurbation 481 conurbations 445–6, 481 convection currents 288, 351, 361, 415 converging plates 361, 415 Cook, Sherburne 141 cooperatives 644–5 Cortés, Hernán 124, 133–5, 137 cost of goods sold 640, 656 cost of materials 640, 657 costs 638–40, 657 recording revenue and 638–40 courts 534–9 Australia’s court hierarchy 536–8 common law 534 precedent 536 relationship between parliament and 539–43 craftsmen 25, 42 cremation 170 crime 128
cultural and spiritual significance landscapes 331–6 cultural homogenisation 580 cultural legacies 211–12 cultural tokenism 566, 580 cultures 375 current financial position 629–31, 657 curtain wall 112 cuspate spits 297, 351 customary law 547–54, 558 and Australian law 549–52 defined 548 dispute resolution 549 Dreaming 548–9 recording 549 Czech Republic 78 D daimȳo 254 Daintree Rainforest 346–8 Danelaw 183 Danish rule 183 day labourers 25, 43 decimated 571, 580 decision-making 586–8 financial and business 654–5 defamation 545, 558 defence features, of medieval castle 63–6 defendant 545, 558 deforestation 269, 316 causes 316 factors causing 316 delegated law 533 deliberative 254 democracy 520, 558 Australians participate in 500 direct action 502–3 issues of concern 501–2 right to disagree 501 defined 501 democratic 520 defined 500 democratic institutions 533 and systems 489–90, 492 demographics 648–57 deposition 288, 351 in coastal environments 296–8 role of 293–9 depositional landforms 296 Description of the Black Death (Tura) 53 deserts in Australia and China 320–7 defines 320–2
criminal law 543–7 Cromwell, Oliver 34 crops 164 Crown 531, 558 cultural 377, 415
INDEX 675
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