Activity 7.1 1 . What type of context clues can be found in the sentences for the highlighted word? Label the type of clue with a word from the box .
ogic
opposition/contrast
punctuation
similarity/comparison
a) Unlike snakes, which do have backbones, earthworms are invertebrates. ______________ b) It’s well known that bears hibernate in the winter, but some bats and even some species of fish also spend several of the winter months in this deep, sleep-like state . ______________ c) The scientist’s conclusion was based on erroneous data, leading to flawed results. ______________ d) Children with ambidexterity, or the ability to use either hand to skillfully perform tasks, are thought by some researchers to be more at risk for ADHD. ______________ 2 . Use context to help figure out the meaning of the highlighted word . Write your guess . a . Leatherbacks keep their body heat in three different ways . The first, and simplest, is size . The bigger the animal is, the lower its surface-to-volume ratio; for every ounce of body mass, there is proportionately less surface through which heat can escape. An adult leatherback is twice the size of the biggest cheloniid sea turtles and will therefore take longer to cool off. Maintaining a high body temperature through sheer bulk is called gigantothermy. It works for elephants, for whales, and, perhaps, it worked for many of the larger dinosaurs .
Guess: ______________
b) In a countercurrent exchange system, the blood vessels carrying cooled blood from the turtle’s flippers run close enough to the blood vessels carrying warm blood from the body to pick up some heat from the warmer blood vessels; thus, the heat is transferred from the outgoing to the ingoing vessels before it reaches the flipper itself. This is the same arrangement found in an old-fashioned steam radiator, in which the coiled pipes pass heat back and forth as water courses through them .
Guess: ______________
c) In 1950, myxoma virus, a parasite that affects rabbits, was deliberately introduced into Australia to control the rabbit population . Spread rapidly by mosquitoes, the virus devastated the rabbit population . The virus was less deadly to the offspring of surviving rabbits, however, and it caused less and less harm over the years.
Guess: ______________
3. Read the passages below and answer the questions that follow. a) A warm-blooded turtle may seem to be a contradiction in terms. Nonetheless, an adult leatherback can maintain a body temperature of between 25 and 26°C (77– 79°F) in seawater that is only 8°C □ 46 .4°F □ . Accomplishing this feat requires adaptations both to generate heat in the turtle’s body and to keep it from escaping into the surrounding waters. An adult leatherback is twice the size of the biggest cheloniid sea turtles and will therefore take longer to cool off. Maintaining a high body temperature through sheer bulk is called gigantothermy. It works for elephants, for whales, and, perhaps, it worked for many of the larger dinosaurs .
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