sufficient public funding, in further disad- vantage, as they can not make use of CC li- censed content containing the NC module.
use. The great advantage of the CC standard licenses is, however, that you do not have to ne- gotiate an agreement in every sincle case. This effort-saving effect of standard licensing is lost if the NC module demands case-by-case nego- tiations. 13 Can NC-licensed content be used in schools, training and universities? No, not everywhere. Depending on the legal status of the provider, a school, trade school or university can be clas- sified either as commercial or non-commercial. Today, a large number of schools, universities, training centres professional schools, scientific and cultural institutes are not exclusively pub- licly funded and are not exclusively financed by donations or endowment capital. These educa- tional institutions depend on own revenues. By this orientation, to generate own revenue, their enterprise is aimed at monetary recompensati- on to a dregree that can no longer be considered negligible. The less public funding an institution gets, the higher is the necessity to acquire addi- tional revenue by commercial means. This puts educational institutions, that already are in a difficult position as they do not have
14 How do you classify NC- licensed content that is first used at school, but later outside of school? If used outside of school, the use is often to be consi- dered commercial. The use of CC licensed content with the NC module is usually not an issue if it happens strictly within public schools. These schools have an educational mandate and do not fol- low commercial goals. A different case is that of private schools which also generate revenue (see question 13). Therefore, a wide spectrum of possible uses of NC-licensed content is opened within those schools that would otherwise classify as com- mercial. Students and professors may print texts, play songs; Students may – as long as the No Derivatives (ND) module is not applied and thus prevents it – create mashups and col- lages and edit the content. Even though the re- sults are unproblematic in a school setting they become problematic outside of the school pre-
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