Founding of Surrealism (1924): Overview: André Breton published the first Surrealist Manifesto, defining Surrealism as a means to unite the conscious and unconscious realms. Key Concepts: Automatism, dreams, the subconscious, irrational juxtaposition. Notable Artists: Salvador Dalí, René Magritte, Max Ernst, André Breton, Joan Miró. Historical Context: 1920s: Post-World War I disillusionment, the rise of psychoanalysis by Sigmund Freud. 1930s: The Great Depression, political unrest in Europe leading to World War II. Abstract Expressionism (1940s-1950s): Overview: An American movement characterized by large-scale abstract paintings that emphasize spontaneous, automatic, or subconscious creation. Notable Artists: Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko, Willem de Kooning. Connection to Surrealism: Influenced by Surrealist techniques like automatism. Overview: Focused on mass media and popular culture, often using irony and parody. Notable Artists: Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein. Connection to Surrealism: Pop Art’s playful and subversive approach to culture has roots in Surrealist experimentation. Overview: Focuses on ideas over aesthetic objects, often using text and performance. Notable Artists: Sol LeWitt, Joseph Kosuth. Connection to Surrealism: Surrealism’s challenge to traditional aesthetics paved the way for Conceptual Art’s focus on ideas. Pop Art (1950s-1960s): Conceptual Art (1960s-1970s): Overview: Contemporary art that draws from Surrealist themes and techniques. Notable Artists: Yayoi Kusama, Mark Ryden. Characteristics: Uses dreamlike imagery and explores the subconscious in new contexts. Overview: Diverse movements including Postmodernism, digital art, and installation art. Notable Artists: Damien Hirst, Cindy Sherman, Ai Weiwei. Connection to Surrealism: Ongoing interest in the unconscious, fantasy, and challenging reality. Neo-Surrealism (1960s-Present): Contemporary Art (1980s-Present):
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