100 surrealists... ...who are not white men of European descent. This list aims to contextualize Surrealism as global and diverse movement. Traditionally, Art History has focused the conversation predominately on white male Surrealists of Europe. It is essential to expand the narrative to include those who were exploring Surrealist ideas around the world, both before and after the Manifesto was penned by Breton 100 years ago.
Hilma af Klint (1862-1944, Sweden) Germaine Dulac (1882-1942, France) Luisa Casati (1881-1957, Italy)
Grace Pailthorpe (1883-1971, UK) Juliette Roche (1884-1980, France) Tarsila do Amaral (1886-1973, Brazil) Sophie Taeuber-Arp (1889-1943, Switzerland) Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven (1874-1927, Germany/USA) Florine Stettheimer (1871-1944, USA) Dorothea Lange (1895-1965, USA) Koga Harue (1895-1933, Japan) Agustín Lazo (1896-1971, Mexico) Claude Cahun (Lucy Schwob) (1894-1954, France) Clara Porset (1895-1981, Cuba/Mexico) Rosa Rolanda (1895-1970, USA/Mexico) Xul Solar (1887-1963, Argentina) Greta Knutson (1899-1983, Sweden/France) Tamara de Lempicka (1898-1980, Poland/Mexico) Eileen Agar (1899-1991, Argentina/UK) Maruja Mallo (1902-1995, Spain) Helen Lundeberg (1908-1999, USA) Isamu Noguchi (1904-1988, USA/Japan) Kay Sage (1898-1963, USA) Jacqueline Lamba (1910-1993, France/USA) Frida Kahlo (1907-1954, Mexico) Toyen (1902-1980, Czech Republic) Alice Rahon (1904-1987, France/Mexico) Leonora Carrington (1917-2011, England/Mexico) Victor Brauner (1903-1966, Romania/France) Remedios Varo (1908-1963, Spain/Mexico) Emmy Bridgwater (1906-1999, UK) Meret Oppenheim (1913-1985, Switzerland/Germany)
María Izquierdo (1902-1955, Mexico) Nusch Éluard (1906-1946, France) Dora Maar (1907-1997, France) Lucienne Bloch (1909-1999, Switzerland/USA) Suzanne Cesaire (1915-1966, Martinique) Miné Okubo (1912-2001, USA) Eva Sulzer (1902-1990, Switzerland/Mexico) Irene Rice Pereira (1902-1971, USA) Norah Borges (1901-1998, Argentina) Lee Miller (1907-1977, USA/France) Ana Mendieta (1948-1985, Cuba/USA)
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