ENERGY, CLIMATE AND ENVIRONMENT: ENERGY //
G7 PERFORMANCE ON ENERGY 1975-2025
100
75
50
25
0
Compliance (%)
Deliberation (% words)
Commitments (%)
Very high compliance came for 2001, 2018 and 2023 each with 100%; for 2021 and 2022 with 94%; for 2004 and 2006 at 89%; and for 2007 and 2008 at 87%. The lowest came for 2012 at 68% and 2003 at 61%. By December 2025, the three assessed energy-related commit- ments made that year averaged 63%. By member, compliance is led by the European Union at 95%, the United States at 93%, the United Kingdom at 91%, Germany at 88% and Canada at 86%. Below the G7’s 85% energy average come France at 82%, Japan at 79% and Italy at 68%. RECOMMENDATIONS Energy compliance depends not only on external energy shocks but also on how G7 leaders design their energy commitments. Years with energy ministerial meetings or commitments creating formal inter- governmental energy bodies have achieved 100%. Those engaging the
private sector alongside govern- ments have achieved 95%. Those tied to regulatory frameworks or includ- ing deadlines have had 89% and 88% respectively. Ambitious, high politi- cally binding commitments have had 86% compliance, while low binding ones have had 81%. Three commit- ments made since 2016 that explicitly linked energy to climate, emissions or decarbonisation averaged 86% compliance. But those referencing external agencies or institutions gen- erated only 78%. To tackle the complex, intercon- nected challenges of market stability, supply chain security and the transi- tion to cleaner, more resilient energy systems, leaders at Évian should convene a post-summit meeting of energy ministers to build on the two ad hoc meetings already held in March, establish G7 energy institu- tions, make ambitious commitments with clear deadlines and encourage robust private sector participation.
// ELLA KOKOTSIS Ella Kokotsis, PhD, is the director of research for the G7 and G20 Research Groups. She has attended most summits since 1994, has directed the research and publication of numerous analytical documents, and has spoken extensively at summit-related confer- ences worldwide. She is the co-author (with John Kirton) of The Global Governance of Cli- mate Change and Reconfiguring the Global Governance of Climate Change (with John Kirton and Brittaney Warren), and co-editor of Financing a Just Transition .
X-TWITTER @g7_rg www.g7.utoronto.ca
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