water even while making wuḍūʾ at the bank of a river. This is deemed wasteful ( isrāf ). The Qurʾān uses the word musrif to describe the excess of certain sins (like homosexuality) because they go against the natural order of the cosmos.
Figure 1 : Legal and cosmological order have Allah ﷻ alone as the source. Another way this framework manifests is through the formulae and prescriptions of the ṣūfī shaykh. It is not a fatwā , but corrective counsel and instruction ( iṣlāḥ and tarbiyah ) under the guidance of a shaykh, by which a sthpeirsitpuiariltausapliarsapnitracannt, rtehfeorm himself. Hence, accommodating the context of ṣūfī shaykh will advise and give counsel by molding fiqh into the context. Beyond the mere fiqh , the legal theorist must see Allah ﷻ in the ḥukm . One does so by seeing which name of Allah ﷻ is associated with the verses about the ḥukm .
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