4 ◌ؒ ◌ , also an 8th-century jurist and as cr hg uo al abrlsy at rhoeugnrde ahtiems t, al el lgoa fl wmhi nodmi nc oI solpa emr iact eadn do nMiunsvlei ms t ihg iasttionrgy a, kl ee gpat lamg ar ot tuepr o f before returning the issue to Abū Ḥanīfah ◌ؒ ◌ for the final verdict. The Kūfan legal school that developed from Abū Ḥanīfah’s ◌ؒ ◌ legal practices was one of shūrā . Together as a unit, this group formed the institution of Qāḍī al-Quḍāh . The skills required for an assistant to the Qāḍī al-Quḍāh are best exemplified by the muftī . A muftī is equipped to understand the rulings of his legal school, Thus, Muslim rulers governed through Islamic justification, not merely a mc huani rdoafnteh, es ercuul el ar rbaepl opnr og ea dc hn. oTthteor et hwe ma s, abluwt at yo st ha ec oPnr oc eprhne tf oMr ut hhea md imv iande . T h e ﷺ . This is why the Grand Muftī —known by the title Shaykh al-Islam—was primarily oucncivuepriseadlwjuistthicme.aking sure the ruler was not committing sin on matters of The institution of the Chief Justice ( Qāḍī al-Quḍāh ) was first instantiated and embodied in the first Abbasid judge, Qāḍī Abū Yūsuf ◌ؒ ◌ , an 8th-century ji un rs itsi tt uf trioomn . KHūef ar eiqnupi rr ee ss eansts-ids taaynItrsatqo. Aa i dj uhdigme ci na nr ne soet aurnc ihl ai nt eg r, aa lnl ya lryuzni nagn, a n d imnuvetustailgcaotinnsgualtaptrioobnle(m so that a communal decision can be made based on Shūrā ). And those (believers) who answer the call of their Lord and establish worship, and whose affairs are a matter of counsel, and who spend of what We have bestowed. (Q 42:38) It is well-known that Abū Ḥanīfah
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