المسار التائه للدولة الفلسطينية

يكتسب البحث حول إنشاء الدولة الفلسطينية أهمية خاصة، في وقت كانت فيه القضية الفلسطينية -ولا تزال- إحدى أهم القضايا الرئيسة في العالم، والتي لا يمكن لمنطقة الشرق الأوسط أن تنهض أو تنعم بالاستقرار دون إيجاد حل عادل ودائم لها. أكثر من تسعين عامًا مرت على كفاح الشعب الفلسطيني لنيل استقلاله، ولما يحقق حلمه في الدولة الفلسطينية وفي تحرير أرضه.

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) 1 (      1948 1967 :        )  :    ) .. (  1979 (   21  22 .  =E wB:4  /Dž oD@ Mh †3-6D o3+ } "œ X%    X'@% >XE Ÿ  k " LE  A "3Z  J  u+A3: : u B u+:  V+Z X'@% ... ': 4 J  J† y” &E 5¡  m)  5: o#+r  ... =, P ) X'@ ... N- ON$ O%X'@ oD@ Mh †3-6D o3 +D ." N!Z 'Q y” ¢ N J + 150 : A3: pC 5N Q…  Mh n+“‡ v y” @•B M" @•B P ) TE N! _ "B_ w3` uQx 3;: –"N N' > . DE —A 5"3+RZ 87 On+“‡ `$  63 .=n$ 9 &E :@ .= N   oE M+- A 28 " .= ! B&Z E 5E BŠE 5x 3+…’4 . :- ' 4  B&Z 5N  !T" 9 5"Š r >, }DB1 h  *+S ) A3` & (   -3A 5"Š " G˜- 5N  : gN &E  .,"’ o#+r [ B&+Z 5+N +DB1 M  + .!N! ." DX G/ ™.š $ ›> 3…’4 ˆ B YŠ PN ]Z - F> } "œ b% = B) ." > H >, .+!Z +Ni =ƒ *† Š o/k *TE : A3+: p+C A3: M h V' E + " >D * @@ \N \N N > zr h " ) 1 ( .  1 / 10 / 1948 P ) X'@ 3…’4 5E   D N-

24

) 1 (     22 . ) 2 (           )    :    ) .. (  1985 (   33 . ) 3 (     !"    21 . G "A y+;B Yœ+:ƒ  B1 o 5E () >XEd ®  uR  E 4 :"N   + +DB1 P ) LE O!N £ . >!@ rB B'g$ ¯ () '$ A DB1 N+!Z MB+€)  23 4 P ) +TE E uT  @;3A Bi o3E 5N ! u- ) 1 ( .  L:+@ GQT (k 5+N £ +E +4 >DB1 +N  (TEA ':) P   1 / 10 / 1948 ) o#r 3…’N \N YiA ( ¤TE  3+…’N u-B uk >T@ – @;3A >  LE 3! P   (Q… o#r 3+…’N .  E ( 3…’4 5 "  LE VF:" b3E 2' ¥  N¦ œ, .l:4 £ E +4 +Xƒ O&"$ (Xk f" 3…’4 @'N =A3E  P ) §:g" .= E f" P ) b3E .@A ¨+" >  O+N$ ©   E G, / ª3" YŠ G!+A .=!+N >’‡ \ P ) b3:  \k34 œ:" P ) G' N "... ) 2 ( . ( : A3: pC [ -3A >TE 3…’N G@B  " = N s#+ 5E 3:$  .={A V $ > C VW % .=Q… % P ) b3E ' u/ P ) &- * & - A3: MN+!Z >1 .+=" B D *+ : 5pT " 5"Š b3: «N Y" P+A +:" ="3 V'S =A3E  G@  .=E N [ J  " ) 3 ( .  3+…’N +WB  +': 1 / 12 / 1948 uE T¬ @;3A

25

4@O $O P ., ...  ~BH8 O8 yµ \Tk  13 / 12 / 1948 GH20 ‚¹ BH8 O!Z —0O WH 2¦¤O "   PD# ) ‚ ) [ oHB.:I . 2c  8 5/ / }T "B +  ƒ@ ;.O $@  ¿2¦¤O ÉŠ Å ƒH  0 yI  ¿\IH "  WH 2¦¤O NH20 .  o"‰ RH@O 5BH8 —0O HŠ 0 zr @ |2    I2@ Ž78 5 N$ o2 7 P , ;O M$) O %l@O MC .BH8 ) I2` # ( ;O 4 D!O x ;O P , ƒTC O! \ O †X 7H O!Z -O0  7 X o N2k ;O B@I .BH8 1949 5/   8 / }T ."B 1949  PT$: E/ 5‹I .!O oBH NH. !O oBH NH T/ BH8  “ i. .0 P#.  NI€ 2kmI '2. 20 / 4 / 1950 P# PI  O .  24 / 4 / 1950 V,  P# uQ¦ u.I y.µ  ƒ‹. 5BH8 u02‰ I2` # PI kO* o MC ) 1 ( .  †X 7Hx P , ƒTC O! - O .C o(r s. 0  "2n: N   -)  K Z PO ]Z -$ , GBC N}k  o2.&$ [ o.$I MC Kˆ y¨ #C ;O (r oHB`O o2&$ [ o . ƒTC O! y1H -&2/ 5 -Q O š #C  P ., & 2nO [ $* MC . ƒTC O! -$I TC8 ;O Y‹I ƒ$ \  ) 5 5B 2nO  .T10 P ., ) 1 (  :  !  4   377  379  ) )!8 C *&  + 1   34 . K3 =  * L L )    2! *  3 $   C 3 1 >  8  1 (   8  > * ;14 : %- 8 !  9 : & ;   + < !         ))? )    : ,# ) $ 1993 (   317  324 .

26

7 * ¯ ˆ .: u7  E$Z  T . : N   -R2, "2n PO ]Z -@R o2&$  @ I2@ pA HB MC GHn oB¬.gO .I0H -.S  E$  ET@ "2 ;O +O2 . -#,H ƒTC O! †H = Ni“I w2C* I2@ NO.!Z  @I •$: B4“ N0 ‡ DE ª T/ P , I2@ p4  @ MC "HB T/ "2n: N   - C  " @R¡ Vˆ : "2n: N$ I02 " o(r s 0 Y  . ‚!& -C I2@ pA @ P , ƒTC O! V# E&_ HnZ ;O . d K  \0  TA uTC zŠ‹) Y M4 ) 1 ( .  :         : ŠH/ @I 1948 w2j -S +  K  @ k   7 v P ,  Ej h >º Tl  s.R  1948 O  .I w2@g" . " E127 " œ 160 o(r s 0 O K , — + ! " 5/ Y‚. 80 + ‹_ $, G 200 # Êk* — 2.` 4 ! " 5/ =. I 425 4 %# G 360 Êk* — 2 .R 300 E$ GO¦ P , oHB`: — 110 [ %4 O w*c  5BH8 92.‰ 100  5  [ — 82  "H7 [ G 12 G  "2I "B@   2nO 92@ [ ) 2 ( . b2. -0(.O ‚.!& 1948 §  @ uCTk* Ppk* #0 [ o: %O8 2l  +#0 - K . ) 1 (  :  !  2   342  344 C 4   377  379  556  561 $ 8 C *&  +    25 . ) 2 (  ) )!8 *&  +    25 .

27

%! -S +  P , @‰ k 4: oH2:I H@ \.O   7  : +0$ +1 C  N) .º .Tl ƒ$: %l : ET@ 2, +.1 C . 7  oB$ Nk T/  s2O -) = I2@ Tl8 o‹ˆ -S 4 .   . NH@‰ -S 2."2 " /2@: O0 "" 2"2 V"2ˆ o ." 5T#I ` O T@   ;O -/ I2@ .Tl8 5 z.r \O 4k: -  &H2$7 4 .O " E127 " O$: -)  !) b78 O‰ _)27 6  ;TR y 2O ! . h 2O  %AOc 5   VDC 1948 Ÿ 1967 I2@ Tl8 MC %A` H$I     5XCmI P`O 5   @" ? oB@ 2"2 s2.™ . 7  : N‚¹ \Iˆ    $ T* OX7e "H  O$ b(8 NB .  GCH ) Q :@ b2Z 4 @I ?@ 4.‰ .0 X$7 u 2 ~ "} Gn Y$ HT@7* !) Nh Tl H4j 4"2T@ O ;C Q ?@ B ;O zQ.! Ë [ &B N2Š‹) "2.Ì ž0 @.ˆ 4@  = BZI z/ 5$I  &2T@ .O . =,  BS* o: N"* -ŠH u1 Š ƒl H4j    N4‰  .:@ oB.$  7 M 2T7 P)$ P)& PI . $ 1990 . !‰ N24j HT@.7X o."k Neo-Colonialism H2#I ƒ€ .) * o f2 º h NB ƒ€7* ‹_)  2‰: HT@.7* @# oz`n  /2Z w$7 \R 7 . .†BH 4"2. .  GFH)  "2I DE o: N"* -.¶ .0 678 92 MC  TA f2, N* .

28

 PI  $ 1 Š k N2.D, GO& 5!"2O8 -,  " ? b2@ P   5 zr Q ?@ B Œ2. -,  5/ h P , 2"2I VD@" T, Z …‚& ;O GzQ/ u127e 5!  Y"¤O ‰ ;.O %4 . . %C 5/ * Ol : ;O LX  N@O b2@ =,   E) /2‰  "‹I ;!) ? 4 ! 5!"2O8 \O h  MC y,  H.ˆ Hˆe  oO -/ 5 2"2 .TC  4.j .,/ "0 0XC +I 4 I2) -/ = I2@ Tl8 ;C uC, .    #$ \O -O@)  p 5m, '2. oH.@I N2D,      Nˆ Ppk* #.0 &H.CI . " E127 " T ) '$ ;"iO ;!) ? HD‚_ $ N!O u127e 5! Bk u$$ "† E!I b2@ * P   . EO@ & 2: …‚&  "  \"H: Œ2: %7$ 5/ #.0 \.O V Y Ppk* #0 4I P ,  ;O ~ e  #.$ u7  y. . u, 11 / 12 / 1948 s2O MC  I ~ "2.I  H2$ H MC o: %O8 -.$, 194 uR$ [ oB@  Pr2 P   PpkX oB@I LT  bkI ,B bk ;!x -0 b20  %†.I N!x ;C N#"@) \ 2$" ;"‚  B$O Y 3"@) %" 5  %†I [ oB@ ƒC 5H h ;C ¤ : 4“ ;O H2#I bn.O . H2$ ;T#) 0 194 Ä ) oB.O + . ZnO V,)  “ E!) MC ) 1 ( 5! PI ) 1 ( *   M4" $   :  !  4   19  21 C @  9       =  ,  + 1947  1985   2 ) > : $   ) 1986 (   38  39 .

29

I2@ . ~4n. . o: N"* ;O  _ -!) ;! Zn:  “ \O I2@  -@) /2.)  .2,  z4 ‡I  2,  "2I o: N"*. H. 25 / 5 / 1950 T1$ 127e B.Z ."T« ) %rH  DES 4  O ,.R oH2$: 4n 9,  GB P , ;O  $) {« H 23 % (  . —./ 3,2 I2@  \,B x  …‚A $$Z " 5! \O "  N)2I $@.: Zn.:  .“ N2.$O ~4n . D5 GR .I ' ;@O zr '& k ~4n —0: ÍB8 N2$, sR: )O yC$ N¬T@) = Zn:  “ -!7 "“ NkHB ~4n 5! oHBnO ;C G"2O G)!7 %4/XO  PpkX uRH8 . P , #0 \O EO@. H.ˆ  4 MC Ppk* #0 -pž " %4`) PpkX Šre o: %O8 / ) 28 "( %0H o: %O» O@ @T“ H20 M.C  .I 302  HBn 8 / 12 / ) 1 ( 1949 . " ‚.  D5 ;O( \O # " ƒ@ '}! '$ ](O œ +_ DX 44k" = oZ Cn: "Bn.0 . B.F 5pk 2$7 . %4 .ˆ) ©;/O    [ %†BC y '2  C  %4RH  X$7* zn: 2"2$)  7  %40$ %& . \"H: -.) D/2) = " ) V$S MC PpkX #0 MC ( 5/ e oH‰ B ~4n 5! I2@ . P.I

>  * , :

) 1 (

Zafrul-Islam Khan, Palestine Documents (New

Delhi: Pharos Media, 1998), pp. 288-289.

30

K , u.77 .  uF2  s2: Œ & 5!, 26 / 11 / 1952  5 . k s2. O Johnston u. !"2O8 1953 Ÿ ) 1 ( 1955  •*B s2O Dulles  u!"2O8 kH¡ 2"i 26 / 8 / ) 2 ( 1955 .  s2.O .‰2 Hammarskjold o: %O» ƒ@ PO8  15 / 6 / 1959  s2O 5 k —"ik Joseph Johnson  2 / 10 / ) 3 ( 1962 . o2 X 28 / \O 2nO -.@) 1953 Ÿ 1955  7 b2r £  o(r s 0 upk* Pˆ s2O ‚. )  : ‚¹ 0 O‰ RH@O u$ + zr "k nO GB@I s2   , ;O . C 4n T_A 2Š k2 ;"‚ s $ u  s $ MC 28 / 2 / 1955 Ák E!I  ) "0 N2&l)  9Xˆ  7 b2r £ s2O w.$" K ., 2."2S N"2Z ... s2: Ž$7 ª ) 4 ( . .O  V " Y‚ o2 )   u.I2@ s2.:  u.I2@ sÈÎ G02 …HCI oH‰e " ƒX  " 5! \O 0 Y‚ u  s2: 5!, ~4n y1H 0HI Z +O  "H4T“    21 / 4 / 1965 T#) ;: ● .@) 5 " E127 "  : Š b2@ [ ‚ O 4 =   , I2C B 4C ƒ$ 41 . ) 1 (    B   B  *  B  $  :   +  *&    50  55 . ) 2 (  : 61 + 1   55  57 C  !1  2   393  394 . ) 3 (  :   *&  +   60  63 . ) 4 (  : $ 8 *&  +   84  96 .

31

DX B@" o"“ %4B [ 5pk .

●  b2@ PI Zn: %) " E127 " b2Z  u4 ) « T4 I . H 0 G& 4I 0HI N2$™ u127e 5!   3,H + ! u.I2@ z!.  G."k Y ;C i ;O (k 4C [7 = fH8 . 5_47I 0HI N2$O -I0 0 ƒHC u|H u.@‰ u.I2C 3,H ) 1 ( . ) 2 ( : -¶j !‰ p& zr P , ƒTC O! @) ? ;O( \O k H#Z 4 C PQT™ @) I2@ @O“ NCT . O PO ]Z  C $, @ I2@ pA  2 R E&_ HnZ H2T7 ;O   7 o2&$ oHB`: P.O ].Z 1958 5  [  6`#  I +C 2  C ;O V#. . Y M4 $, GTC p4 zŠ‹) Tl .O .mI .@ I2.@  7    2"2 1964  +  K Z PO ]Z o,I K  u1 ET@ H.4j  4 / 7 / 1974 ) 3 ( . DQx P , -/  7 41 ‚ O I2@  @Ok '  1945 . uT@ M7O "  4¶QO $,  uT „ h [) š +), P [ u0 C  7 1963 . E1  N  T¡ 2  !#        # ).$.%(

63  64 .

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32

]¦      N‚ ;"2@ 52.$ ;.O N  . P , 2"2 M@ ) = 7  1 NTl : N/2ZI .  7 "21(“ oHQ LÏ 5./ 1962 \,B Gkh G(ÀgO GXOC !OmI B$CX P   ;O zQ!  D" 5  2 ž$  I M 2"2 O$: TC  $" Y‚ -0  : %C 5 o ;O D$‰ b2@ %41 . "2n: o I2 E, 5/ T/ Ÿ "H  ) 1958 Ÿ 1961 ( V$S Hl ƒC [ P   \,B  2c GXOC 4C E"@ ƒC I2@ o I2@ Tl8 \0 [ 2l I  †,X . I2@ Tl8 - 0  2nO Gn  -" 5 &" ;O    #.$ ƒ.Oi  E!‰ BF  [ NHB, u$g"      C " P   uQ¦ u .7¤O 5!Oe H0 o2   -S HO8 .  V.DC T .I s2O  I2@ Tl8I %4$Š 5   %4 * 2  C oB$I 2nO  %!Z ƒl Gn 2"2  I2@ Tl8 "k 'O  V$ %&H " ‚ ;O( \.O 4)      N‚‹, >&BC ‚ ) MC †H0 '.O Go/¤O ®ž ˆ M O  ) NHB.O GC7    "A MC    ! i2Ie . $$ ŒH) -/ I2@ Tl8 5 T/ 4kO  &(._C " E127 " Œ2)  rH ;!) ? ‡ zr  4 T& = 2ˆ8 3@I BFe -@7 ‚ >K  H2$ C  MC 0  _ ) o2   -.S 5.!) 3@ +  - N@D ) +/ +"& ;C z@  K  @ . Tl8 3@I E@ ;O s / +@‰ oB"i  %†@D ) P   rH ƒ€.7 G77 4T¹ '2 Tl8 u7  ]2e i(I* .

33

/2 [ 4| N2r = P , 2"2S /2. -./ ."2 K . Kˆ. 2 ", "    NHB: '  G24lO -/ = ;"2@ 52$ ;O N  T¡ 2  oiH MC BTC* ƒC    ! Kˆ ET@ œ +k T/ ,RmI h MC ND/ 0 I2@ .Tl8 " Kˆ " [ .4| . , - D!¦ # o(r  %&  A Hn  ;O  5BH8 "H7 2 0 "B@  -".! 2n.O ... D5 zr  -"!  5/ †B0 4ˆ (./2O . µ &H X ;O "   , " zQ! [ 4"–H &2!, n" ;O - D!¦ NzI ;O  ;O zQ! 4 -I‚k T/ Vˆ : ;O ;""¤: . 2) MC b2#" 5 %70 2! .C . 92.@  wX¡ ;O oB7*  2  C \O +,X  K  2 R Y‚ 2  C PI K Z PO ]Z PI  Y‚ NzI [ $X P.O ].Z . ;C "Z oz) 92@ \,2, K . 5.! = @ I2@ pA \O V I %70 ƒ0  mI PO ]Z 4.7 2" " K  2"2 ], " Hhc  / •HO 1960 . s 0 u  , ;O 92@  Y2! @ ] ‚& ED!) ;O E0 BC ;O 92@ 5  u  , ;O §¡  o(.r 5BH8 . ¨ …‚.& 5 z.r o2O -S |H -Dj "2! @ CT & @O 4"k N$, 5 -Q O š u02C 6IR ) 1 ( .  Y‚ "H7  %.!Z ƒ.l ‹ 2nO ;C n* @I  —j)  n ;O T4k2 5BH8 2nO \O 7  +O

44 .

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34

[ o.C X. [ P  . }./ HB 5!   . I2` # MC +)B7 5! ‚& •H.< 5 [ K o(r s. 0 . YH  ,  )  8 I2@ T$ 2¦¤O  .7 1964 fH 5B 5! ‚&  o1, ;C . 2 R O &    2"2 Tl O e M@ " 5/ Y‚ Yz$ „ H8 2nO .R27 .W $ [ 5B " 5 H$ * "2 * o(r s 0 I2` # fH MC oB7 •H " ) 1 ( . Ê 2  C "C2I o2&$  " u.I2@ uO$ BS* K . " Nn€ ;O GBC ¬%R ƒC sTk $gC . PO ]Z/    K Z ) 2  C \O +,X E0 (  „ u0 C uT ...  BS* ‚& ƒ0 …HCI Tl )    ,  MC  b(8 DE @I ED!) Y‚ u.I2@ uO$ BS* H2.r "H7 2nO  Ž‰  T4 I o 5XC 2Š / 2"}, 1958 . 0 XQx BS* EO.C @‰  NI€* -"2k  o(r s 0 5!   7 1960 5€ : …Qx BSX   s $  . D5 zr BS* -I2gR uO$ BS* Np4/ PO#O z`I " p.& DE.j "  2nO ;C "H7 n @I +I2 / }T7 1961 ) 2 ( .  I2@  @Ok y¨ ) "2n: kH¡ -O.0 Hhc / •H.O 1959  Ek ;O V, K  5! i2I MC ET@ MC y¨ " GO G@‰ +/ i2I K  @ %l ) oBC oC ™ { @n MC uO$ ¨  +) ?@ \T ." K  @ %&H‘ PDQx " K , Ák  [ CB T/ 

71  188  190  218 .

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35

* I2.@ .  ‚D g" ? ‚& D5 . o2/‚O $) 2nO NBC  « 4,  ) I2@  @O“ " n€ i2I    "   5 I oH‰  .@O“ y.µ sT.k bc / y r 1960  ‚¯ H20 ‚€g" ? 5BH8 RH@O  I n¡ ) 1 ( . o2. N4.‰ 1962 Ÿ 1964 ! y"2.!) 2.O  ET@ Y2  ET@ PI n +‰ N4‰ T/   . K  ) 2 (  4“ ;O "(O ‚I [ 2  C \,B ‚& E@  \  " 4$" 2ˆ X ;O ! …‚.& b@.7 . 44k) .  24‰ 7  I "H7 \O o I2 E, @, 5 / 3 / 1962 l 2nO NH ;O o(r s $ G"k G"H7B GO 74 [ $) T/ w4" oB.O " "k YH7B ƒl  2 ) +,&  K  @ Oc 2" ." ." N‹ ƒl  ‚& V, u@"2 y¨ u& o(r s 0  o"k  7 . 5!O yµ & ;.O 43 %4 O G#C 22  G€ O G#C 21 O G#C %4 I ;O G @ o2C o2@ Y‚  + µ #C  s. $ YHBe %/.Z ;"2.c #.C .  7 YH7 ƒl  gC O C 1964  ;O G.!O y.¨ 24  G€ O G#C 17 G @O G#C . }C 0  7 E0 TC 0H, OXC Gz/ GH. ) y.¨ 1962 y!C   C(..   +I ]¦ O b@7* "2nO H * H2 .R    . y¨ 71H MD) "  C H ." %/Z 5 zr &2$" P$ Á0 " 5 y¨ V ;O 5/ MC V"n V« \T" 5/ o2&$ ;.O ;.@: ƒ.@ YHBe

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36

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