CLINICAL STUDIES – NMES
RELATING TO BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS 1. Borzuola R, Nuccio S, Del Vecchio A, Bazzucchi I, Felici F, De Vito G, Macaluso A. (2025), Acute modulation of common synaptic inputs and motor unit discharge rates following neuromuscular electrical stimulation superimposed onto voluntary contractions. Front Physiol. Jul 18;16 2. Borzuola R, Laudani L, Labanca L, Macaluso A. (2023), Superimposing neuromuscular electrical stimulation onto voluntary contractions to improve muscle strength and mass: A systematic review. Eur J Sport Sci. Aug;23(8):1547-1559 3. Borzuola R, Laudani L, Labanca L, Macaluso A. (2023), Superimposing neuromuscular electrical stimulation onto voluntary contractions to improve muscle strength and mass: A systematic review. Eur J Sport Sci. Aug;23(8):1547-1559 4. Borzuola R, Quinzi F, Scalia M, Pitzalis S, Di Russo F, Macaluso A. (2023), Acute effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on cortical dynamics and reflex activation. J Neurophysiol. Jun 1;129(6):1310-1321 5. Jo HD, Kim MK. (2025), Frequency-specific neuromuscular adaptations: comparative effects of high- and low-frequency neuromuscular electrical stimulation on muscle function and quality. J Exerc Rehabil. Jun 25;21(3):151-158 6. Katagiri M, Nakabayashi M, Matsuda Y, Ono Y, Ichinose M. (2024), Differential changes in blood flow and oxygen utilization in active muscles between voluntary exercise and electrical muscle stimulation in young adults. J Appl Physiol (1985). May 1;136(5):1053-1064. 7. Scalia M, Parrella M, Borzuola R, Macaluso A. (2024), Comparison of acute responses in spinal excitability between older and young people after neuromuscular electrical stimulation. Eur J Appl Physiol. Jan;124(1):353-363 RELATING TO THE BACK 1. Scalia M, Parrella M, Borzuola R, Macaluso A. (2023), Comparison of acute responses in spinal excitability between older and young people after neuromuscular electrical stimulation. Eur J Appl Physiol. Jul 31 2. Vardar S, Yalcin G, Aksungur S, Yavuzdemir MA, Ozsoy Unubol T, Ata E. (2025), Effects of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Adjunct to Lumbar Stabilization Exercises on Multifidus Muscle Thickness, Pain, Disability, and Psychosocial Status in Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. Sep 1;104(9):800-808 3. Yılmaz Uras D, Akalan NE, Kuchimov SN, Tekdöş Demircioğlu D, Fırat T. (2026), Effects of different neuromuscular electrical stimulation techniques applied to the multifidus muscle on the kinematics of the spine, pelvis, and hip during sit-to-stand in individuals with chronic nonspecific Low back pain. Disabil Rehabil. Jan 13:1-14. RELATING TO SHOULDER 1. Wang RS, Sun JN, Zheng QY, Chen L, Chen P. (2025), Therapeutic efficacy of home-based neuromuscular electrical stimulation on early postoperative functional recovery following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. Aug 20;26(1):805 RELATING TO HIP 1. Zhao Y, Zhang B, Wang Y, Liu J. (2022),Effectiveness of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation for Enhanced Recovery After Total Hip Replacement Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil. Sep 23;13 RELATING TO KNEE 1. Arhos EK, Ito N, Hunter-Giordano A, Nolan TP, Snyder-Mackler L, Silbernagel KG.(2024), Who’s Afraid of Electrical Stimulation? Let’s Revisit the Application of NMES at the Knee. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. Feb;54(2):101-106 2. Durigan JLQ, Ito N, Katz SE, Kalish L, Cone SG, Silbernagel KG. (2025), Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation for Patellar and Achilles Tendon Loading: A Scoping Review With Practical Recommendations. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. Jul;55(7):482-494 3. Hauger AV, Reiman MP, Bjordal JM, Sheets C, Ledbetter L, Goode AP. (2018), Neuromuscular electrical stimulation is effective in strengthening the quadriceps muscle after anterior cruciate ligament surgery. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. Feb;26(2):399-410 4. Jo HD, Kim MK. (2025), Effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on neuromuscular function and muscle quality in patient following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Exerc Rehabil. Apr 30;21(2):79-91. 5. Kotsifaki R, Korakakis V, King E, Barbosa O, Maree D, Pantouveris M, Bjerregaard A, Luomajoki J, Wilhelmsen J, Whiteley R. (2023), Aspetar clinical practice guideline on rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Br J Sports Med. May;57(9):500-514 6. Labanca L, Rocchi JE, Carta N, Giannini S, Macaluso A. (2022), NMES superimposed on movement is equally effective as heavy slow resistance training in patellar tendinopathy. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. Dec 1;22(4):474-485 7. Li Z, Jin L, Chen Z, Shang Z, Geng Y, Tian S, Dong J.(2025), Effects of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation on Quadriceps Femoris Muscle Strength and Knee Joint Function in Patients After ACL Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Orthop J Sports Med. Jan 13;13(1) 8. Li S, Lu B, Zhang Y, Liu J, Xu W, Li Q. (2025),The effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation superimposed on quadriceps training on gait dynamics after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. Jan;38(1):139-147 9. Mete O, Yaman A, Zaman Ç, Kara S, Yaşa ME, Aktaş S, Adıgüzel E. (2025), The effectiveness of 6-week superimposed neuromuscular electrical stimulation in knee osteoarthritis: an assessor blinded randomized controlled clinical trial. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. Jun 21;145(1):350 10. Moiroux-Sahraoui A, Forelli F, Mazeas J, Rambaud AJ, Bjerregaard A, Riera J. (2024), Quadriceps Activation After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: The Early Bird Gets the Worm! Int J Sports Phys Ther. Aug 1;19(8):1044-1051 11. Nie Q, Yu Y, Yuan Z, Chen J. (2024), Effects of adding neuromuscular electrical stimulation to functional training on muscle recruitment, pain reduction, and knee joint function in patellofemoral pain syndrome patients. Medicine (Baltimore). Jan 19;103(3) 12. Shan W, Zheng T, Zhang J, Pang R. (2025), Effect of electrical stimulation on functional recovery of lower limbs in patients after anterior cruciate ligament surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. Jul 25;15(7) 13. Enhancing Neuromuscular Function Post ACL Reconstruction Sideris V, Nascimento N, Bjerregaard A 14. Wang X, Li H, Chen J. (2025), Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Enhances Lower Limb Muscle Synergies During Jumping in Martial Artists Post-Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Randomized Crossover Trial. Bioengineering (Basel). May 16;12(5):535 15. Zheng J, Wei Z, Zuo H, Wang K, Lin X, Chen J. (2025), The effect of adding neuromuscular electrical stimulation to exercise therapy on patellofemoral pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. Jun 23;20(6)
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