The growth of parametric insurance
1996
2001
2003
Mexican government creates FONDEN, a national disaster emergency fund, using a variety of instruments.
Swiss Re issues its first parametrically triggered products covering windstorms in France and hurricanes in Florida and Puerto Rico, plus long series of parametrically triggered cat bond issues between 2001 and 2008. Munich Re issues its first parametrically triggered cat bond. PRIME Capital CalQuake & Euro Wind securitises its exposure to earthquakes in California and windstorms in Europe.
Swiss Re issues a series of bonds with parametric triggers for a variety of regions. The market grows dramatically.
Other (mainly Japan-focused) bonds start to use parametric triggers.
1997
Parametric Re provides USD 100 million of cover for Tokyo earthquakes over 7.1. Payout linked level reached above the M7.1 trigger point for defined areas around Tokyo.
2004
Parametric triggers make up 44% of all cat bond issuance in the market.
1998
Mitsui Wind and Fire develops event-linked swap based on 7.1 magnitude earthquake parametric trigger.
2005
2007
2012
Munich Re places Euro 110 million with Aiolos to provide protection against severe Western European windstorms.
Caribbean Catastrophe Risk Insurance Facility (CCRIF) launched as multi-country risk pool.
Insurance leaders and the UN Environment Programme Finance Initiative launches the UNEP FI Principles for Sustainable Insurance. This framework addresses environmental, social and governance risks and opportunities. Signatories include: Allianz, Aviva, AXA, Delta Lloyd, Generali, Mapfre, Munich Re, QBE, Samsung Fire and Marine, Santam, SCOR, Tokio Marine & Nichido Fire Insurance, among others. Turkish Catastrophe Insurance Pool (TCIP) issues Bosphorus Re, parametric instrument to protect against regional earthquakes. Metropolitcan Transport Authority of NewYork issues MetroCat Re bond covering storm surges on a parametric basis. 2013
Midori Ltd bond issued with parametric trigger to cover earthquake risk for East Japan Railway Company. Medquake Ltd, bond with parametric trigger to cover severe earthquake risk in Turkey, Greece, Israel, Portugal and Cyprus.
The Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015 launched the first global plan to reduce disaster losses.
2006
FONDEN issues USD 160 million ‘CatMex’ cat bond, the first parametric cat bond issued by a sovereign. DREWCAT issued by Dominion Resources a US energy and gas company, protects against Gulf of Mexico hurricane risks for its platforms and installations.
2009
Second bond issue by FONDEN with parametric triggers.
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