$ f B+ =7' 4P< #! O$ F T ,`Y D TC S$ A N & ?!9 V2, 4-¼ . *,$ p U $ 2 % $$0 f 0 A, ?!9 $ b? m WL9 $$0 f 0 * A,$ #/$0 ) 2 ( °+;[, ½ØØS # E +$ S0 F F ' 25$ # $$0 =½ ° ,`Y . /M SfM yd b2 O¹ 3L, & +; u 4!- [N2 F+9 ;- & ´ # aT+ $ ]+ &$ #(+0 . /M SfM #4! =7' K $ ,`Y FeU ;2< & #$$0 3Lp A, ?!9 $ b? ^,) ^N $0 F & . O$ 4 _? /$0 p U I ,`Y E /M ! WL9$ H+$ S0 F & * F ! , S .< TL, a- ?9 $ F T F [ =7' & ,`Y 4 ! * K eC #?.S$ M$ ) 2, ^N ! O$ . 7' KT2 $ +) 5à 4 ! = 3L, Sq 4,]$ 2$ 6(@ Xi A, $ #+$ S . )$ ß¼+?ß äL+ ) Arnold J. Toynbee ( 4 eU A!f ,`Y E *f$ #4 eb 1[L@ & # . 4 eU ^, & 2 5 x$ A, Q 67 F [ =7t ) 1 ( . Q 4 +9 ^ [ J2) ^N J. ,`Y E +;[, ?9 p U ! f K, . 4 ! O@[? ^$ % p =7' & ¨ #!;, V+j ) $( ¨$ L A- ,`Y ) ,`Y s & ^ #kbS ^ . a- + $( WN?M ^ !) #¤U `Y & !;, q(% +) A, q(% ,`Y + ,$, +' + i ,`Y + F S A- B C F , 4G- ^ ! ` . #! % , ,+ a- p O$ ¨ ^ [$ O+j & F ! p f 0 F [ g2 ) 67 ,`Y E +;[,
) 1 ( Arnold J. Toynbee, A Study of History , (New York: New York University Press, 1939), V.4, 1-2.
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