Women's Political and Civil Rights in Mexico and Colombia Phoebe Amavisca
The journey of women's political and civil rights in Latin American countries is explored by comparing the cases of Mexico and Colombia in the 20th century. In the 20th century, women's rights in Mexico and Colombia experienced a number of changes and a number of setbacks across the century as did much of the Latin American region. This paper analyzes changes in women's roles and social expectations in society in the early 20th century leading to early successes for women's rights, religious and political iconography's impacts on changing societal expectations of women, political divergence of women from normalized political views and the antagonistic response to this divergence, and international efforts including Mexico and Colombia to make progress in women's rights. This paper finds these countries have had distinct journeys from each other while experiencing a number of similarities and times of overlap, and that women's rights have come a long way since the beginning of the 20th century. Keywords: Colombia, Mexico, Women's Rights Primate Behavior and Ecology Examining Enrichment and Tool Use in Captive Orangutans Jordan B. Bertrand*, Kara I. Gabriel, Jessica A. Mayhew, Lori K. Sheeran, Patti Ragan Project Mentor(s): Kara I. Gabriel, PhD; Jessica A. Mayhew, PhD; Lori K. Sheeran, PhD; Patti Ragan Environmental enrichment improves the welfare of captive animals. The primary aims of the current study were to investigate how captive orangutans interact with enrichment objects, their choice of enrichment objects, and if age differences occurred in the use of objects when in proximity to other orangutans. We collected 20 min focal samples of enrichment use in orangutan social groups at the Oregon Zoo (148 samples) and the Center for Great Apes (141 samples) using three ethograms on manipulation behavior, social context, and object type. Data shows that captive orangutans interacted with structural and foraging devices more often than with other types of enrichment. Tool use and manipulation were rare events that occurred with only 4 individuals. Lastly, juveniles engaged in more proximal use of enrichment compared to the adults. These findings provide insight into how orangutans interact with objects and may assist caregivers in constructing enrichment programs that meet individual orangutan’s needs.
Presentation Type: Poster Presentation (May 21, 9:30am–3:00pm) Keywords: Primates, Orangutan, Enrichment, Tool-Use, Sociality SOURCE Form ID: 40
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