OPEN DATA REUSE IV
1.1 THE IMPORTANCE OF OPEN DATA
1.2 OPEN DATA IN EUROPE
There is growing concern in Europe surrounding the quality of open data (Gao, Janssen and Zhang, 2023). The European Data Portal ( https:// data.europa.eu/ ) offers access to open data from any European country and promotes data publication practices at national, regional and international levels. Since 2015, comparative data on the evolution and use of open data in European countries has been presented annually. The results of these comparisons are shown in the open data dashboard, which is a very practical tool for comparing the levels of maturity of open data in the Member States of the European Union. Carsaniga, Lincklaen Arriëns, Dogger, Van Assen and Cecconi (2022) compare best open data management practices in Europe and highlight the cases of France, Ukraine, Poland, Ireland, Cyprus, Estonia, Spain and Italy as references that set good practice trends. Recently, in August 2023, in the European report on value creation in the public sector through the use of open data (Osimo and Pizzamiglio, 2023), good practices in the reuse of data in the public sector are highlighted in the cases of France, Estonia and Flanders (Belgium). The methodology, initially developed by Cecconi and Radu (2018), has been improved over time and currently analyses the level of maturity of open data in different countries by taking the following dimensions into consideration:
Open data is data that can be freely used, reused and redistributed by anyone, and that is subject, at most, to the attribution requirements and to being shared in the same way in which it appears (Open Data Handbook, 2023). The value of open data is in its reuse. For open data to be reused, it is important that it meet certain quality requirements (Hrustek, Furjan and Pihir, 2021). Zuiderwij, Pirannejad and Susha (2021) highlight, among other aspects, the importance of data quality for it to be reused. In this sense, Abella, Ortiz-de-Urbina-Criado and De-Pablos-Heredero (2022) define the concept of pretender open data portals (PODP) as portals that publish data, but do not allow professional reuse of the data they store. For a data portal to be considered suitable for the reuse of its data, it must meet the following requirements: 1. Have an update mechanism that allows the delivery of real-time information on data updates. 2. Have a data management system (DMS) to provide automated access to data capture and publication. 3. Have an API for publishing data with a mechanism that allows it to be reused professionally. Concern surrounding the creation of these types of portals, together with the scarcity of open data in key sectors such as health care, has led these same authors to recently generate a reputation index for open portals (Ortiz-de- Urbina-Criado, Abella and De-Pablos-Heredero, 2023) based on three dimensions: if the portal is known, if it is known for something specific, and how it is valued by its users.
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