OPEN DATA REUSE IV
• Domestic consumption. As in previous reports, the biggest consumers of published data are the public administrations themselves (51.70 % in 2023, compared with 64 % who reused it frequently or habitually in 2021). • Lack of standardisation and models for published data. In 2023, 69.90 % of the data published—as opposed to 80 % in 2021— does not include information on its structure or use standardised data models. • Infrequent updating of data. It is worth noting that in 2023 this aspect, despite certain improvements, still presents a challenge. 78.30 % of the open data published in 2023—compared to 92 % in 2021—has an update period longer than one month; while the percentage of data published in real time is around 0 %. • Non-geolocated data. This aspect worsened in 2023: in 2021, 50 % of the data published contained no geographical information at all, and in 2023 the figure was 63.60 %. • Lack of maintenance of open data services. 35 % of the open data-based services listed in the portals are inactive or no longer exist. • Reputation ranking of open data publishers. As in the 2021 report, a portal reputation ranking has been carried out, although work is underway to develop more appropriate methodologies for measuring reputation (Ortiz-de-Urbina-Criado, Abella and De-Pablos-Heredero, 2023).
This report is the fourth study on the reuse of open data, carried out with the aim of presenting the current status of research in 2023 and the progress made since the first report in 2017. All of this allows for the development of recommendations and future lines of work that help to generate businesses and services for society. To this end, the open data portals in Spain in 2023 have been identified, and a sample of the datasets they have available as well as the services based on them have been analysed. In addition, a questionnaire was sent to those responsible for the portals in order to analyse some of the characteristics of the open data and its potential for reuse. Specifically, a diagnosis has been made based on the knowledge they have regarding the reuse of their data, the type of innovation that can be promoted with it, the activities to promote its use, the services generated and the creation of value based on the reuse of data. The latest version of the MELODA 5 metric has also been applied to analyse the degree of reusability of open data published in Spanish open data portals. All these diagnoses have enabled an analysis of the opportunities and threats as well as of the strengths and weaknesses, from which certain reflections have been included that can help to build future public data management policies. The study carried out allows us to reveal the following reflections on the data reuse ecosystem in Spain: • Statistical broadening. Statistical data sources have increased their percentage (19.78 %) with respect to 2021 (14.58 %) and are mainly responsible for the increase in data produced in recent years.
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