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areas by way of example. There is an increased risk of them causing injury not only to themselves, but to other horses around them as well as the jockeys, handlers, grooms, and any other person present. If the race is delayed or disrupted whilst the horses are in the stalls, then there is an increased risk of injury to the horses as any such disruption or delay could create behavioural challenges in the horses. An injured horse is particularly unpredictable. As I mention previously horses are flight animals; an injured horse's natural instinct is to run, which could cause it to injure itself further or injure other horses and people present. If a decision is taken to return the horses to the stables following delay or disruption, they will not walk back quietly, if walk at all, given that at that point they are mentally prepared to race. They again could rear up, kick out, or barge through, causing a potential risk of injury to themselves, other horses, as well as to the jockeys, handlers, grooms, and any other person present. Horses are different from other animals in that they not only sweat to lose heat but sweat from emotional excitement. If they are delayed or disrupted at all, it could lead them to sweat excessively, which is an indication of their excitement, and can predispose them to injury and/or anxiety. The relationship between a horse and jockey is particularly critical; if one loses concentration or focus, because of a distraction or disruption, that could break the bond between them. If the race has started and a disruption occurs, then the jockey only has so much control over the horse at that time. The horse weighs 500kg as opposed to the Jockey's average of 45-58kg; the jockey could attempt to steer the horse but will only be able to do so insofar as the horse will allow. Equally, if the jockey wants to try and stop the horse - at the height of the race they are travelling approximately 43mph. Pulling up would be difficult and would take time and a significant distance to achieve. A horse and jockey may be able to veer out of the way or avoid an obstruction, but only if it has first seen the obstruction and secondly, seen it in good time; even then, it cannot be guaranteed. 45-58kg; the jockey could attempt to steer the horse but will only As I mention previously, as horses are naturally flight animals anything out of the ordinary such as unexpected loud noises, flashes, large banners and smoke devices for example could cause them to become spooked and agitated, which may result in them shying violently and galloping uncontrollably. This carries significant risks in which they would be unpredictable and again could cause injuries to themselves, other horses, and the people around them. horse natural instinct is to run, which could cause it to injure itself further or injure other
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