Recycling Oryza sativa wastes into poly-imidazolium acetic acid- tagged nanocellulose Schiff base supported Pd nanoparticles for applications Rana Yahya 1 , Reda F.M. Elshaarawy 2,3 1 University of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, 2 Suez University, Egypt, 3 Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Germany A green and sustainable heterogeneous nanocatalyst for the Suzuki reaction was fabricated by refining rice straw to ionic nanocellulose Schiff base (NCESB) which was employed for bio-reduction of Pd(II) into Pd nanoparticles (Pd NPs) and immobilization of these NPs to fabricate the desired nanocatalyst (NCESB@Pd). The TEM image re- vealed well-dispersed PdNPs with sizes of 5–23 nm. The new nanocatalyst displayed amazing activity in catalyzing coupling reactions of a wide range of halobenzenes with phenylboronic acid at 50 °C (reaction time 15–60 min) and even at room temperature (reaction time 120 min). The NCESB@Pd nanocatalyst exhibited excellent recyclability (up to five catalytic runs) without a significant loss of its activity or identity. Therefore, the new ionic nanocatalyst may open a new window for a novel generation of ionic low-cost green and highly effective nanocatalysts for organic transformation reactions. References 1. S. Wu, R. Snajdrova, J.C. Moore, K.U. Baldenius, T. Bornscheuer, Biocatalysis: enzymatic synthesis for industrial applications, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 60 (2021) 88–119. 2. S.M.H. Asl, A. Ghadi, M.S. Baei, H. Javadian, M. Maghsudi, H. Kazemian, Porous catalysts fabricated from coal fly ash as cost-effective alternatives for industrial applications: A review, Fuel 217 (2018) 320–342. 3. L.V. Chopda, P.N. Dave, Recent advances in homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyst in Biginelli reaction from 2015-19: A concise review, Chem. Select 5 (2020) 5552–5572. 4. M. Pagliaro, V. Pandarus, R. Ciriminna, F. Béland, P.D. Carà, Heterogeneous versus homogeneous palladium catalysts for cross-coupling reactions, ChemCatChem 4 (2012) 432. 5. H.C. Erythropel, J.B. Zimmerman, T.M. de Winter, L. Petitjean, F. Melnikov, C.H. Lam, A.W. Lounsbury, K.E. Mellor, N.Z. Jankovic, Q. Tu, L.N. Pincus, M.M. Falinski, W. Shi, P. Coish, D.L. Plata, P.T. Anastas, The Green ChemisTREE: 20 years after taking root with the 12 principles, Green Chem. 20 (2018) 1929–1961. 6. S. Jadoun, R. Arif, N.K. Jangid, R.K. Meena, Green synthesis of nanoparticles using plant extracts: a review, Environ. Chem. Lett. 19 (2021) 355–374. 7. J. Liu, J. Ma, Z. Zhang, Y. Qin, Y.-J. Wang, Y. Wang, R. Tan, X. Duan, T.Z. Tian, C.H. Zhang, Roadmap: electrocatalysts for green catalytic processes, J. Phys. Mater. 4 (2021) 022004. 8. E.L. Bell, W. Finnigan, S.P. France, A.P. Green, M.A. Hayes, L.J. Hepworth, S.L. Lovelock, H. Niikura, S. Osuna, E. Romero, K.S. Ryan, N.J. Turner, S.L. Flitsch, Biocatalysis. Nat. Rev. 1 (2021) 46. 9. M. Nasrollahzadeh, N. Shafiei, Z. Nezafat, N.S.S. Bidgoli, F. Soleimani, Recent progresses in the application of cellulose, starch, alginate, gum, pectin, chitin and chitosan based (nano) catalysts in sustainable and selective oxidation reactions: A review, Carbohyr. Polym. 241 (2020) 116353. 10. M. Nasrollahzadeh, M. Sajjadi, M. Shokouhimehr, R.S. Varma, Recent developments in palladium (nano) catalysts supported on polymers for selective and sustainable oxidation processes, Coord. Chem.
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