to international markets and sustain supplies during prolonged crises. Strengthening Gulf economic security therefore requires a more resilient and diversified architecture encompassing alternative pipelines and export routes, expanded storage capacity, greater regional integration of energy networks, diversification of overseas assets and supply sources, and stronger protection of maritime routes and energy infrastructure, alongside continued economic diversification. In this sense, the 2026 war revealed that the Gulf states’ central strategic challenge lies not so much in their capacity to produce energy as in their ability to ensure its reliable access to global markets amid an increasingly volatile geopolitical environment. Keywords: Gulf Economic Security, Energy Security, 2026 War, Strait of Hormuz, Bab al-Mandab, Maritime Chokepoints, Liquefied Natural Gas, Supply Chains.
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