Unraveling the Genetics OF SAPONIN BIOSYNTHESIS F or centuries, humans have harnessed the power of plants for numerous purposes, from sustenance to medicine. Ancient civ- ilizations like the Egyptians, Greeks, and Chinese documented the medicinal prop- erties of countless plants. Many of these positive health effects are due to bioactive Saponins have a wide range of biological activ- ities, including anticancer, antimicrobial, and an- ti-inflammatory properties. However, understanding their complex biosynthesis remains a challenge. Recent advancements in plant biotechnology have opened new avenues for exploring the potential of saponins and for producing these compounds on a large scale. HudsonAlpha scientists helped make significant strides in uncovering the biochemical pathways of two saponins with potential applications in vaccines and cancer therapy.
compounds, small chemicals within plants that have actions in the body that may promote good health. Today, they are being studied in the prevention of cancer, heart disease, and other health conditions. Among the many bioactive compounds found in plants, saponins stand out for their diverse proper- ties and potential applications. Saponins are plant compounds named for their soap-like properties. They have historically been used in cleaning prod- ucts, medicine, and as foaming agents in the food and drinks industry. They are found in a wide range of plant species, including soybeans, ginseng, and yucca.
ENGINEERING MORE AFFORDABLE, ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY VACCINE ADJUVANTS THANKS TO GENOMIC INFORMATION Vaccines are critical in reducing the incidence and impact of many diseases. To achieve maximum effi- cacy, vaccines are formulated with substances called adjuvants to boost the immune response. While tra- ditional adjuvants like aluminum salts are effective, there’s a growing interest in developing more potent and sustainable options. AS01 is a promising new adjuvant system approved for use in shingles and malaria vaccines. One part of the adjuvant system is QS-21, a saponin derived from the bark of the South American Quillaja Saponaria tree, also called the soapbark tree. The saponins found in the soapbark tree can activate the immune system, making them valuable as vaccine adjuvants. The demand for QS-21 is increasing due to its effectiveness in various vaccines, but its natural source is limited. Scientists are working to understand the biochemical basis of QS-21 production in the soapbark tree to develop sustainable and more efficient methods for producing this valuable adjuvant.
HUDSONALPHA INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY
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