WHAT’S NEW IN DIABETIC MONITORING IN DOGS AND CATS? CONTINUOUS GLUCOSE
MONITORING AND MORE J. CATHARINE SCOTT-MONCRIEFF, MA, MS, VET MB, DACVIM, DECVIM
In this complimentary VETgirl-Merck Animal Health webinar entitled “What’s new in diabetic monitoring in dogs and cats,” Catharine Scott-Moncrieff, Vet MB, DACVIM, DECVIM reviews the various modalities available for monitoring of diabetic dogs and cats. Learn the pros and cons of each modality and how to start using continuous glucose monitoring technology in your veterinary practice.
KEY HIGHLIGHTS
1 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF DIABETES MELLITUS Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common endocrine disease in cats characterized by an absolute or relative deficiency of insulin. This results in a decreased ability of cells to take up and utilize glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, and electrolytes. Insulin deficiency results in increased gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, lipolysis, ketogenesis, and protein catabolism. Predisposing factors in cats include obesity, advancing age and being male. Two types of DM are recognized in man, and these classifications can be applied to the disease in dogs and cats. Type I DM (insulin dependent diabetes mellitus) is due to an absolute deficiency of insulin. This form of diabetes is characterized by minimal secretory response to cell secretagogues such as glucagon. This is the most common form of DM in dogs. Type II DM (non-insulin dependent diabetes) is characterized by an abnormal pattern of insulin secretion in combination with peripheral insulin resistance, and results in a stable reregulation of the blood glucose concentration at a higher concentration. This form of diabetes mellitus is most common in cats. The two types of diabetes
and the glucagon tolerance test is of little practical utility in clinical practice. Factors that likely influence the need for exogenous insulin in individual diabetic cats include the severity of pancreatic pathology, whether the pancreatic pathology is progressive or static, presence of concurrent disease that results in peripheral insulin resistance, presence of obesity, the carbohydrate content of the diet and the ability to achieve good glycemic control. (continued)
are classically distinguished by characteristic responses to challenge by insulin secretagogues such as glucose, glucagon, or arginine. In type I DM, there is a decreased or negligible secretion of insulin compared to normal animals, whereas in Type II DM, total insulin secretion may be normal or increased, although the pattern of secretion is abnormal and the amount of insulin is insufficient to prevent hyperglycemia. The phenomenon of glucose toxicity complicates interpretation of glucagon tolerance tests particularly in cats,
7
vetgirlontherun.com
Made with FlippingBook - Online Brochure Maker