VACCINATION FOR BORDETELLA BRONCHISEPTICA IN DOGS: THE ARGUMENT FOR PRIME-BOOST VACCINATION STRATEGIES DR. STEPHAN CAREY, DVM, PHD, DACVIM (continued)
7 THE ARGUMENT FOR “PRIME- BOOST” VACCINATION Since no single Bordetella bronchiseptica vaccine provides complete protection, and no single route of administration confers all of the immunologic advantages of the others, it seems logical that strategies combining existing vaccines may represent a first step toward vaccine protocols that provide enhanced protection and long-term immunologic memory. The theory behind “heterologous prime-boost” vaccination strategy is the concept of combining different types or routes of vaccination against the same antigen to leverage the advantages of each individual vaccine in a manner that initiates a stronger and broader immune response 16 . In the case of Bordetella bronchiseptica , the serial
combination of a priming mucosal (intranasal or oral) vaccination, followed by a boosting parenteral vaccination would generate a superior immune response and reduce clinical disease. In an ideal setting, heterologous prime-boost vaccination for Bordetella bronchiseptica would leverage the advantages of mucosal vaccination (initiation of early life protection, efficacy following a single dose, stimulation of mucosal immunity and mucosal homing) and the advantages of parenteral vaccination (stimulation of systemic immunity, short-term boosting) in a single protocol. In the only study to date evaluating the efficacy of a heterologous prime-boost strategy for Bordetella bronchiseptica , seronegative puppies
were vaccinated against Bordetella bronchiseptica with a modified live intranasal vaccine, an injectable whole cell bacterin vaccine, or a combination of an intranasal priming vaccination with injectable booster vaccines. In that study, dogs receiving the prime-boost sequence demonstrated a reduction in clinical signs and increased serum IgA and IgG when compared to intranasal vaccination alone or placebo vaccinates 11 . While more studies are needed to determine the optimal combination and timing of vaccinations to evoke peak immune responses and clinical protection, the concept of prime-boost vaccination may be a promising option for Bordetella bronchiseptica vaccination in the future.
References 1. Mitchell JA, Brownlie J. The challenges in developing effective canine infectious respiratory disease vaccines. J Pharm Pharmacol 2015 Mar;67(3):372–81. 2. Day MJ, Carey S, Clercx C, et al. Aetiology of canine infectious respiratory disease complex and prevalence of its pathogens in Europe. J Comparative Pathology 2020 Apr;176:86–108. 3. Mattoo S, Cherry JD. Molecular pathogenesis, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations of respiratory infections due to Bordetella pertussis and other Bordetella subspecies. Clin Microbiol Rev 2005 Apr;18(2):326–82. 4. Ford R. Bordetella bronchiseptica: Beyond Kennel Cough. In: Kirk’s Current Veterinary Therapy XIV. St. Louis, MO: WB Saunders-Elsevier; 2009. p. 646–9. 5. Schulz BS, Kurz S, Weber K, et al. Detection of respiratory viruses and Bordetella bronchiseptica in dogs with acute respiratory tract infections. Vet J 2014 Sep;201(3):365–9. 6. Viitanen SJ, Lappalainen A, Rajamäki MM. Co-infections with respiratory viruses in dogs with bacterial pneumonia. J Vet Intern Med 2015 Apr;29(2):544–51. 7. Ellis JA. How well do vaccines for Bordetella bronchiseptica work in dogs? A critical review of the literature 1977–2014. Vet J 2015 Apr;204(1):5–16. 8. Day M. Companion Animal Vaccination. In: Ettinger’s Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine. 8th ed. St. Louis, MI: Elsevier; 2017. p. 895–901. 9. Nizard M, Diniz MO, Roussel H, et al. Mucosal vaccines: novel strategies and applications for the control of pathogens and tumors at mucosal sites. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2014;10(8):2175–87. 10. Bradley A, Kinyon J, Frana T, et al. Efficacy of intranasal administration of a modified live feline herpesvirus 1 and feline calicivirus vaccine against disease caused by Bordetella bronchiseptica after experimental challenge. J Vet Intern Med 2012 Oct;26(5):1121–5. 11. Ellis JA, Haines DM, West KH, Burr JH, Dayton A, Townsend HG, et al. Effect of vaccination on experimental infection with Bordetella bronchiseptica in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2001 Feb 1;218(3):367–75. 12. Day M, Schultz R. Antibodies and Antigens. In: Veterinary Immunology: Principles and Practice. 2nd ed. CRC Press; 2014. p. 15–26. 13. Fujimoto K, Uematsu S. Development of prime–boost-type next-generation mucosal vaccines. International Immunology 2020 Sep 8;32(9):597–603. 14. Tizard I. Immunity at Body Surfaces. In: Veterinary Immunology. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 2013. p. 240–57. 15. Liang JL. Prevention of pertussis, tetanus, and diphtheria with vaccines in the united states: recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices(Acip). MMWR Recomm Rep [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2021 Mar 1];67. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/67/rr/rr6702a1.htm 16. Zhang L, Wang W, Wang S. Effect of vaccine administration modality on immunogenicity and efficacy. Expert Rev Vaccines 2015;14(11):1509–23.
19
vetgirlontherun.com
Made with FlippingBook - Online Brochure Maker