volumetric measurement & liquid handling
how to use volumetric flasks
how to use measuring cylinders
how to use mixing cylinders
Volumetric flasks are mainly used for preparation of highly accurate solutions. First add the exact weight of the product inside the flask. Fill the flask about half the volume and mix the content. Then fill again until the level reaches a bit lower than calibration ring mark. Adjust the temperature of flask and the content to 20°C. Add a little more
Cylinders are mainly used for the exact measurement of liquid volumes. First fill the cylinder with liquid and wait until the residual liquid on the wall will to filter down. Then read the volume level from the cylinders volume graduation chart. Pay attention to
Mixing cylinders are mainly used for the exact measurement of liquid volumes. First fill the cylinder with liquid and wait until the residual liquid on the wall to filter down. Then read the volume level from the cylinders volume graduation chart. Later add the precise weight
read the volume level at the eye level. Do not wet the inner neck wall above the calibration mark.
of the substance and dissolve it by shaking the cylinder.
liquid so that the meniscus will be exactly at the same level of the ring mark. Pay attention to read the meniscus at the eye level also not to wet the inner neck wall above the ring mark.
how to use burettes
how to use pipettes
how to use density bottles
Fill the burette a bit higher than the “0” level. To activate the stopcock, drain the solution but never below the “0” mark. Pay attention there will be no air bubbles left in the burette. Fill more solution
Fill the liquid max 5 mm above the volume mark. Wipe off the outer surface of the pipette. Hold the pipette at eye level and place the tip to the wall of a beaker with a slight angle. Discharge the
Carefully weigh the empty and well dried density bottle. Fill the bottle up to 2/3 of the neck level while avoiding air bubbles. Adjust the bottle temperature to 20°C in a thermostatic bath. Insert the stopper of the bottle carefully. The capillary of the stopper will discharge the liquid. Dry the body of the bottle and the stopper carefully by wiping with a tissue paper. Pay attention not to remove any liquid from the capillary tube. The liquid inside
access volume until the meniscus reaches the calibration mark. When the level of the liquid reaches to the tip wait according to waiting time. When the waiting time is over, wipe the tip gently pulling upwards on the beaker wall and transfer the liquid. If there is still any residual liquid left in the tip, never blow out.
above 10 mm of the “0” mark. Do not wet the burette wall above the liquid level. By focusing the meniscus at eye level drain the solution to the exact “0” mark. Wipe off the drops at the stopcock tip and slowly start the titration. When color changes stop the titration and wait for the 30 seconds. Wipe off the remaining drop since this is also the part of the measured volume.
of the bottle should exactly be at the same level with the upper end of the capillary tube. Final step is weighing the filled density bottle and calculating the density.
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