Clean Water and Sanitation (SDG 6), Climate Action (SDG 13)
Production and characterization of biofilm from seaweed-extracted pectin reinforced with chitosan extracted from shrimps
Ndey Saffie Jatta University of The Gambia. Abdouliegb@gmail.com
Seaweed is currently a major problem along the coast of The Gambia, affecting fishing and tourist sites. However, seaweed is a known source of many polysaccharides. Using the conventional acid-ethanol precipitation method, pectin was extracted from seaweed and reinforced with chitosan to produce biodegradable bioplastic. The yield of pectin (16.81%) and chitosan (7.37%) from seaweed and shrimp wastes, respectively. The extracted pectin was a low methoxyl pectin (5.64%) and had a low degree of esterification (35.67%). The equivalent weight (EW) and the anhydrouronic acid (AUA) content of the pectin were 304.88 and 89.75, respectively. The FTIR spectral peaks of 3373.7 cm -1 and 1635.9 cm -1 confirmed the extracted material as pectin, while λmax of 208nm from the UV absorption spectra confirmed chitosan. The biofilms produced had solubility values of 81.05 %, 95.33 % and 100 % (T 2 , T 3 and T 1 ). The biofilms were biodegradable (T 2 =65.22%, T 3 =72.03% and T 1 =91.57% in 4 days. Similarly, all biofilms showed antibacterial properties against pathogenic E. coli with inhibition zones of 30mm (T 2 ), 10mm (T 1 ), and 8mm (T 3 ). The study offers a novel remedy for the problem of the seaweed ecosystem existing in The Gambia, a solution that may have implications in the battle against synthetic plastic. Key words: Seaweed, Pectin, Chitosan, Biofilm References 1. Asfaw, W. A., Tafa, K. D., & Satheesh, N. (2023). Optimization of citron peel pectin and glycerol concentration in the production of edible film using response surface methodology. Heliyon, 9 (3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13724 2. Antonino, R. S. C. M. D. Q., Fook, B. R. P. L., Lima, V. A. D. O., Rached, R. Í. D. F., Lima, E. P. N., Lima, R. J. D. S., Covas, C. A. P., & Fook, M. V. L. (2017). Preparation and characterization of chitosan obtained from shells of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei Boone). Marine Drugs, 15 (5). https://doi.org/10.3390/md15050141 3. Boudouaia, N., Bengharez, Z., & Jellali, S. (2019). Preparation and characterization of chitosan extracted from shrimp shells waste and chitosan film: Application for Eriochrome black T removal from aqueous solutions. Applied Water Science, 9 (4). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-019-0967-z 4. Chakravartula, S. S. N., Soccio, M., Lotti, N., Balestra, F., Rosa, M. D., & Siracusa, V. (2019). Characterization of composite edible films based on pectin/alginate/whey protein concentrate. Materials, 12(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12152454 5. Demir, D., Ceylan, S., Göktürk, D., & Bölgen, N. (2021). Extraction of pectin from albedo of lemon peels for preparation of tissue engineering scaffolds. Polymer Bulletin, 78 (4), 2211–2226. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-020-03208-1 6. Lomartire, S., Marques, J. C., & Gonçalves, A. M. M. (2022). An Overview of the Alternative Use of Seaweeds to Produce Safe and Sustainable Bio-Packaging. In Applied Sciences ( Switzerland ) (Vol. 12, Issue 6). MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/ app12063123 7. Nguyen, A. T., Parker, L., Brennan, L., & Lockrey, S. (2020). A consumer definition of eco-friendly packaging. Journal of Cleaner Production, 252 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119792
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