Affordable and Clean Energy (SDG 7), Responsible Consumption and Production (SDG 12)
Nanomaterials analysis techniques for sorghum derived carbon: physicochemical properties Ntalane Sello Seroka 1,2* , Nakedi Albert Mojapelo 1 , Lyle Adrian September 1 , Lindiwe Khotseng 1 1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa, 2 Energy Centre, Smart Places Cluster, Council for Science and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria 0001, South Africa E-mail: 3754640@myuwc.ac.za/nseroka@csir.co.za The increasing demand for smart and lightweight materials has led to the development of biomass valorization. Biomass derived carbon materials naturally possess lightweight characteristics consequently in alignment with lightweight nanoelectronics. However, their electrical properties are relatively weak, hindering their effectiveness and large practical applications. Various methods can be used to improve electrical properties of biomass derived carbon to mitigate this limitation. The current study systematically reports on five key nanomaterials analysis techniques for sorghum derived carbon: phase analysis, structural, surface states, thermal behavior as well as morphological changes. The structure, functional groups, morphology, elemental composition and textural properties of the materials were analyzed using FTIR, XRD, Raman, SEM/EDX, TEM, and BET. Finaly, discuss the future perspectives and challenges in the field, aiming to give innovative ways for producing biomass derived carbon with excellent, electrical, physical and chemical properties, thereby advancing the development of biogenic carbon of next generation smart and innovative materials for highly portable nanoelectronics and sustainable energy applications. Key words: Biomass, Carbon, Physiochemical properties, Sorghum, Green Chemistry. References 1. Ao, S., Gouda, S.P., Selvaraj, M., Boddula, R., Al-Qahtani, N., Mohan, S. and Rokhum, S.L., 2024. Active sites engineered biomass-carbon as a catalyst for biodiesel production: Process optimization using RSM and life cycle assessment. Energy Conversion and Management, 300, p.117956. 2. Lv, W., Shen, Z., Li, X., Meng, J., Yang, W., Ding, F., Ju, X., Ye, F., Li, Y., Lyu, X. and Wang, M., 2024. Discovering Cathodic Biocompatibility for Aqueous Zn–MnO2 Battery: An Integrating Biomass Carbon Strategy. Nano-Micro Letters, 16(1), p.109. 3. Chen, Y., Fu, H., Yang, W., Zhong, L., Wang, Q., Lu, B., Wang, N., Chen, Z., Shi, G., Jia, C. and Ding, M., 2024. Heteroatom-Rich Hierarchical Porous Biomass Carbon for Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 12(28), pp.10567-10576. 4. Li, J., Deng, W., Li, H., Chen, L., Zhang, Y., Li, J., Song, Y. and Duan, H., 2024. Biomass-derived N–P double-doped porous carbon spheres and their lithium storage mechanism. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy , 56, pp.828-836. 5. Zhu, Z., Men, Y., Zhang, W., Yang, W., Wang, F., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y., Zeng, X., Xiao, J., Tang, C. and Li, X., 2024. Versatile carbon-based materials from biomass for advanced electrochemical energy storage systems. Escience , 4(5), p.100249.
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