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Preparation of snail shell chitosan nanoparticles infused with bioactive compounds from banana and sweet potato peels Samoh Frederick Teghtegh 1 ; Ikyenge Barnabas Aloo 2 ; Agbidye Isaac Gbaoron 2 1 Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria 2 Department of Chemistry, Benue State University, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria Corresponding author email: samoh.ft@unilorin.edu.ng Snail shells, Banana ( Musa spp. ) and sweet potato ( Ipomoea batatas ) peels are often discarded as waste, despite containing compounds with potential health and industrial applications. This research focuses on the chemical composition of snail shell chitosan, ethanolic extracts from banana ( Musa spp. ) and sweet potato ( Ipomoea batatas ) peels and their nanoparticle composite utility. The snail shell chitosan was prepared through the processes of demineralization, deproteinization and deacetylation. The peels were extracted with 70% ethanol using Soxhlet apparatus and analyzed for bioactive compounds, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses revealed that banana peel extract is rich in cis-oleic acid (24.85 %) and resorcinol (19.02 %), while sweet potato peel extract has higher concentration of palmitic acid (39.66 %) and pyrogallol (17.94 %). Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) analyses indicated broad O-H stretching bands at ~3300-3400 cm – ¹, C=O stretching peak around 1700 cm – ¹, C-O stretching at 1000-1300 cm – ¹. The chitosan was characterized for SEM, XRD and was found to be more similar to urea. Antioxidant testing demonstrated greater activity in banana peel extract at lower concentrations, while sweet potato peel extract exhibited notable antibacterial properties, particularly against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Three compounds were identified from the crude extracts using Proton and 2D NMR. These results highlight the potential of banana peels as a source of antioxidants and sweet potato peels for antibacterial applications, offering a pathway for utilizing these agricultural byproducts through compositing with chitosan nanoparticles as potential preservatives. Key words: Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Banana, Snail-shell Chitosan, Peels, Preservatives
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