PAPERmaking! Vol11 Nr2 2025

Rasool et al. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ଵ ൌ ߤ ହ ߠ ହ ܲ ଴ Now use normalization condition i.e the sum of all the probabilities is equal to one ሾσܲ ௜ ଵ ௜ୀ଴ ൌͳሿ . By solving the equation (15) and (16) and substituting the value of ܲ ଵ in equation (3), we get ܲ ଴ ൌ ଵା ଵ ഋ ഇఱ ఱ (17) ׵ Availability ( ܣ ௩ ሻൌܲ ଴ ൌ ଵା ଵ ഀఱഁ ఱ ൌ ͲǤͻͷͷͺͺʹ͵ͷ͵ Similarly, Reliability (ܴ ሺ ݐ ሻሻൌ݁ି ఓ ఱ ௧ ൌ݁ି ଴Ǥ଴ଷ௧ , Maintainability ሺ ܯ ሺ ݐ ሻሻൌͳെ݁ି ଴Ǥ଺ହ଴଴଴଴଴ଵ଺௧ , ܨܤ ܶܯ ൌ ఓ ଵ ఱ ൌ ͵͵Ǥ͵͵͵͵͵͵͵݄ , ܴܶܶܯ ൌ ͳǤͷ͵ͺͶ͸ͳͷ݄ , ݁ܦ ݌ܾ݈݁݊݀ܽ݅݅ ݕݐ ሺ݀ ሻ ൌ ʹͳǤ͸͸͸͸͸͹ʹ , ܦ ௠௜௡ = ͳെቀ ௗି ଵ ଵ ቁቀ݁ି ೏ ೗೙ ష ೏ భ െ݁ି ೏ ೏ ೗ ష೙ భ ೏ ቁ ൌ ͲǤͲǤͺͶͺʹ͸ͺͻͷͷ Finally, the RAMD measures of stock preparation unit are derived by using the probabilistic argument as follows: System Reliability ܴ ௦௬௦ ሺ ݐ ሻൌܴ ௦௦ଵ ሺ ݐ ሻൈܴ ௦௦ଶ ሺ ݐ ሻൈܴ ௦௦ଷ ሺ ݐ ሻൈܴ ௦௦ସ ሺ ݐ ሻൈܴ ௦௦ହ ሺ ݐ ሻ ܴ֜ ௦௬௦ ሺ ݐ ሻൌ݁ି ଴Ǥ଴ଶଷ௧ ൈ݁ି ଴Ǥ଴ଶ௧ ൈ݁ି ଴Ǥଵ଼ ௧ ൈ݁ି ଴Ǥ଴ଵଵ௧ ൈ݁ି ଴Ǥ଴ଷ௧ ൌ݁ି ଴Ǥଶ଺ସ௧ System Availability ܣ ௦௬௦ ሺ ݐ ሻൌ ܣ ௌௌଵ ൈ ܣ ௌௌଶ ൈ ܣ ௌௌଷ ൈ ܣ ௌௌସ ൈ ܣ ௌௌହ ൌ ͲǤͻͷͷͳ͸ͷ͸ͻʹ ൈ ͲǤͻ͹ͶͲʹͷͻ͹Ͷ ൈ ͲǤͻ͹͹͵Ͳͳ͵ͺ͹ ൈ ͲǤͻ ൈ ͲǤͻͷͷͺͺʹ͵ͷ͵ ൌ ͲǤ͹ͺʹʹͳʹͶͶ͸ System Maintainability ܯ ௦௬௦ ሺ ݐ ሻൌ ܯ ௦௦ଵ ሺ ݐ ሻൈ ܯ ௦௦ଶ ሺ ݐ ሻൈ ܯ ௦௦ଷ ሺ ݐ ሻൈ ܯ ௦௦ସ ሺ ݐ ሻൈ ܯ ௦௦ହ ሺ ݐ ሻ ֜ ሺͳെ݁ି ଴Ǥସଽ଴଴଴଴଴଴଺௧ ሻൈሺͳെ݁ି ଴Ǥ଻ସଽଽଽଽଽଵଶ௧ ሻൈሺͳെ݁ି ଻Ǥ଻ସଽଽଽଽ଼଼ ௧ ሻൈሺͳെ݁ି ଴Ǥ଴ଽଽ௧ ሻൈሺͳ െ݁ି ଴Ǥ଺ହ଴଴଴଴଴ଵ଺௧ ሻൌሺͳെ݁ି ଽǤ଻ଷ଼ ଽଽଽ଼ ଵ௧ ሻ System Dependability ܦ ୫୧୬ሺ௦௬௦ሻ ሺ ݐ ሻൌ ܦ ୫୧୬ሺ ௦௦ଵሻ ൈ ܦ ୫୧୬ሺ ௦௦ଶሻ ൈ ܦ ୫୧୬ሺ ௦௦ଷሻ ൈ ܦ ୫୧୬ሺ ௦௦ସሻ ൈ ܦ ୫୧୬ሺ ௦௦ହሻ ͲǤͺൌͶͺͲʹǤ͸ͺͺͶͻͻͷ͵ͷͶ͵Ͳͷʹ ൈ ͲǤͻͲͲ͹Ͳʹͻ͹ͻ ൈ ͲǤͻͳͲͷ͵ͷʹͳ͵ ൈ ͲǤ͹ͶͲͲ͸ͻͺͲ͸ ൈ =0.437288184 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 10 Braz. J. Biom. ǡ˜Ǥ 43 ǡ‡ǦͶ͵͹͸ʹǡʹͲʹͷǤ Performance modeling and Optimization of Stock Preparation Unit In this section, a mathematical model of stock preparation unit is developed by using Markov birth death process and Chapman-Kolmogorov differential-difference equations derived by considering constant failure and repair rates. The steady state availability expression is derived from derived mathematical model and treated as the objective function for availability optimization. All the failure and repair rates are considered as the decision variables. The nature inspired algorithms genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) are utilized for optimization of objective function. The mathematical model is developed based on state transition diagram (Figure 7) by using simple probabilistic arguments as follows: ܲ ଴ ሺ ݐ ൅ᶭ ݐ ሻൌሺͳെ ߤ ଵ ᶭ ݐ െ ߤ ଶ ᶭ ݐ െʹ ߤ ଷ ᶭ ݐ െ ߤ ସ ᶭ ݐ ൅ ߤ ହ ᶭ ݐ ሻܲ ଴ ሺ ݐ ሻ൅ ߠ ଵ ᶭ ܲݐ ଻ ሺ ݐ ሻ൅ ߠ ଶ ᶭ ଼ܲݐ ሺ ݐ ሻ൅ ߠ ଷ ᶭ ܲݐ ଵ ሺ ݐ ሻ൅ ߠ ସ ᶭ ܲݐ ଽ ሺ ݐ ሻ൅ ߠ ହ ᶭ ܲݐ ଵ଴ ሺ ݐ ሻ From equations (15-16) using (3), we get ܲ

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