Barrios et al. Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts
(2025) 18:48
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Fig. 7 a Steam demand relative to the production of one ADt of paper for the baseline and enhanced dewatering scenario, b GWP breakdown by scopes 1, 2 and 3 for the baseline scenario, c direct emissions breakdown and contribution, and d total GWP variation and distribution by activities within the scopes
Table 8 Cost analysis of implementing the enzymatic and starch treatment to increase solids content after pressing in the paper manufacturing process for bleached hardwood fiber and board production
Input
Baseline solids 39% Enhanced dewatering solids 50% Change consumption*
USD $ Cost/ ADt Avoided/ increase
NG GJ/ADt
8.95
− 2.77 + 0.43 + 4.76
− 16.05 + 1.82 + 2.94 − 11.29
Enzyme Kg protein/ADt
– – –
Starch kg/ADt
Total Cost savings/increase (USD $/ADt) Total carbon emissions (kg CO 2 -eq/ADt)
–
963
844 119
Total avoided carbon emissions (kg CO 2 -eq/ADt)
–
*Change consumption: difference between baseline and enhanced dewatering scenarios
ton for wet end strength additive starch [55, 56]. These inputs resulted in an additional cost of 1.82 USD$/ADt for the enzyme cocktail and 2.94 USD$/ADt for starch.
per OD ton (0.5%), the experimentally quantified pro- tein content in the enzyme cocktail (90 mg/mL), the cost of 4.25 USD $/kg protein, and the cost of 617 USD $/
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