Cellulose (2025) 32:1835–1850
1843
(a)
(b)
55
15 20 25 30 35 40 45
50
45
40
0
50
100
150
0
20
40
60
Refining energy (kWh/ton)
Refining energy (kWh/ton)
(c)
45
40
35
30
25
20
0
20
40
60
80 100
Refining energy (kWh/ton)
Fig. 5 Effect of refining on pulp freeness/drainability (°SR) of a bleached hardwood pulp, b mechanical/groundwood pulp and c recycled pulp
Fig. 6 Effect of refining on the pulp water reten- tion value of a bleache d hardwood pulp, b mechani- cal/groundwood pulp and c recycled pulp
(a)
(b)
1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80 2.00
1.25
1.20
1.15
1.10
1.05
20 60 Refining energy (kWh/ton) 40
0
0
50
100
150
Refining energy (kWh/ton)
(c)
1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60
0
10
20
30
40
Refining energy (kWh/ton)
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