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In many systems and organizations, people work not just as individuals, but as members of a team.
It is necessary to consider the SA of not just individual team members, but also the SA of the team as a whole. To begin to understand what is needed for SA within teams, it is first necessary to clearly define what constitutes a team.
In team operations
A team is not just any group of individuals; rather teams have a few defining characteristics. As defined by Salas et al. (1992), a team is:
"a distinguishable set of two or more people who interact dynamically, interdependently and adaptively toward a common and valued goal/objective/mission, who have each been assigned specific roles or functions to perform, and who have a limited life span of membership."
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Team SA
u Team SA is defined as " the degree to which every team member possesses the SA required for his or her responsibilities " (Endsley, 1995b, p. 39; see also Endsley, 1989). u The success or failure of a team depends on the success or failure of each of its team members. If any one of the team members has poor SA, it can lead to a critical error in performance that can undermine the success of the entire team. u By this definition, each team member needs to have a high level of SA on those factors that are relevant for his or her job . It is not sufficient for one member of the team to be aware of critical information if the team member who needs that information is not aware. u In a team, each member has a subgoal pertinent to his/her specific role that feeds into the overall team goal. Associated with each member's subgoal are a set of SA elements about which he/she is concerned.
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