The third parameter to review is channel utilization, which measures how busy a Wi-Fi channel is as a per- centage of bandwidth used. Experts recommend keeping channel utilization below 50 percent for optimal voice, data, and video transmission performance. High channel utilization can reduce throughput, increase latency, and lead to packet loss and connection drops. Interference, including adjacent and co-channel interference from other wireless devices, is a common cause of high channel utilization. If channel utilization is high but client count is low, interference is likely the culprit. Having too many clients on the same channel can also be a factor, which can be mitigated by using other channels in the area. While adding more APs might seem like a natural solution for high utilization due to a high volume of clients, it can worsen the problem if they operate on the same channel. Directional antennas in large open areas and decreasing transmit power can also help focus coverage and optimize channel utilization. Too many wireless networks, or service set identifiers (SSIDs), can also contribute to high channel utilization. While helpful in segregating devices or user groups (e.g., employees and visitors), excessive SSIDs create channel overhead. Older devices with lower data rates exacerbate the issue by occupying more airtime. Upgrading older devices, disabling low data rates on the AP, or assigning a specific channel to slower devices can help mitigate this problem.
Figure 4 shows the results of a Wi-Fi tester showing channel utilization and number of APs per channel, plus signal strength and channel overlap for each AP.
FIGURE 4: Utilization of selected channels in the 5 GHz band showing the number of APs per channel, plus signal strength and overlap for each AP. (Source: Fluke Corporation) CLOSING THOUGHTS Effective testing and troubleshooting are paramount as Wi-Fi continues evolving and becomes an increasingly integral part of everyday lives. By understanding the intricacies of cabling infrastructure, network configuration, PoE power delivery, and RF environments, optimal performance and reliability of wireless networks can be ensured. With the right tools and knowledge, professionals can streamline Wi-Fi testing and troubleshooting, resulting in a seamless user experience for all.
“Experts recommend keeping channel utilization below 50 percent for optimal voice, data, and video transmission performance. High channel utilization can reduce throughput, increase latency, and lead to packet loss and connection drops.”
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