1.3.
Protected Areas Protected areas are geographical spaces that are recognized, designated, and managed through legal or other effective measures to ensure the long- term conservation of nature, along with its associated ecosystem services and cultural values. These areas are classified into six categories, ranging from Category I, which restricts human access, to Category VI, which allows specific human activities. 3 Protected areas can include forest land, as defined by the forest land definition above. In Côte d’Ivoire 4 and Ghana 5 , protected areas include natural reserves, classified forests, national parks, wildlife reserves, and forest reserves, where specific regulations and legal frameworks are in place to safeguard the forests from logging, agricultural expansion, and other forms of exploitation. Ground-truthing : At Tony’s Open Chain, ground-truthing refers to the process of conducting farm and partner cooperative visits to validate and verify remote sensing data through field observations and data collection (photos, GPS coordinates, completion of questionnaires to partner cooperatives and farmers, etc.). This involves visiting locations to confirm the presence or absence of cocoa plantations in at-risk areas, assessing land-use changes on farm, and surveying partner cooperative staff and their farmer members to understand the potential factors that may influence the deforestation risk status of specific farms. Remediation : Remediation refers to action taken to restore a degraded environment, educate and raise awareness on the environmental laws and regulations, or provide any other support in response to deforestation detection in the
1.4.
1.5.
3 International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), 2008 and 2013. Guidelines for Applying Protected Area Management Categories. 4 Biodiversité de Côte d'Ivoire 5 Ghana Wildlife Society, 2015. Abridged Legislative Report . Retrieved from https://www.ghanawildlifesociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/GWS-Abridged-Legislative-Report- 1.pdf
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