In Côte d’Ivoire the study was carried out by Inputs Africa, and in Ghana, it was carried out by Participatory Development Associates. The studies used a mixed methods approach, combining desk research, quantitative and qualitative techniques in rural areas of Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana. Participants were sampled from farming households in the cocoa communities of 6 of Tony’s Open Chain’s partner cooperatives (three in Côte d’Ivoire and three in Ghana) and responded to two criteria: they had previously received remediation support and they had been part of the Multi-dimensional Poverty Index (MPI) survey carried out by Tony’s Open Chain between 2019 - 2023. 3 In total, 132 households in Côte d’Ivoire and 259 households in Ghana were surveyed 4 between June – August 2024 for this research, as well as the remediation staff, cooperatives’ partners involved in delivering remediation, and community leaders. Our research partners looked at a variety of indicators to understand and compare the effectiveness of the different types of remediation, including participant perception, cost-effectiveness, children reached and reported reduction in hazardous tasks, among others. A range of approaches were used, including: • Structured surveys with caregivers helped gather information on household characteristics, child labour identification and support given, as well as the impact of remediation activities and support on child labour. • In-depth interviews were conducted with caregivers to ascertain the households’ direct experiences with the remediation support they received, their perceptions of its effectiveness in addressing child labour, and suggestions for improving remediation efforts. • Focus group discussions were conducted with children from households that received remediation support to harness their views and experiences in the remediation process. • ICI field officers and community leaders were engaged through in-depth and key informant interviews to gather insights on remediation approaches and effectiveness and understand the cooperatives’ philosophies and approaches to remediation, successes and challenges. As the studies were carried out by two separate organisations, each with their own implementation method, the results across the two countries are not always comparable.
Study findings Study findings and lessons are presented in four parts:
1. The remediation process 2. The types of remediation carried out 3. Overall effectiveness of remediation 4. Lessons learned 1. The remediation process
Child labour is identified and remediated through a dedicated process. This process is guided by Tony’s Open Chain’s Child Labour Remediation Policy.
3. The MPI is a survey to assess household-level welfare levels among cocoa farmers. Tony’s Open Chain carried out annual household surveys between 2019 – 2023 using the MPI and other metrics, resulting in high-quality multi-year data tailored to our own supply chain. The Index of MPI was originally co-developed by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), the Human Development Report Office (HDRO) and the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) at University of Oxford. We share more of our MPI findings in this public report and we make the anonymised dataset available for further analysis here. 4. The sample size per partner cooperative is proportionate to the number of remediated households per cooperative (i.e., including more interviews at cooperatives with a higher proportion of remediated households, irrespective of the cooperative’s overall size).
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