Colloidal synthesis approach for energy materials Yan Lu Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Germany
Colloidal route is one of the favored ways toward cost-effective large-scale production of various nanostructures [1] . In our study, different types of nanoparticles have been designed and synthesized via colloidal approach, which can be applied as electrode materials for various supercapacitor [2] and battery systems. [3,4] For example, multifunctional Ti 4 O 7 particles with interconnected-pores structure have been synthesized by using porous PS-P2VP particles as soft template [5] . In order to improve the conductivity of the electrode, a thin layer of carbon has been coated on the Ti 4 O 7 surface without destroying its porous structure. The porous Ti 4 O 7 particles as well as carbon-coated Ti 4 O 7 particles show significantly improved electrochemical performances as cathode material for Li-S batteries as compared with that of TiO 2 particles. The scale-up of the synthesis of cathode material with well-defined structure is one of the main challenges in battery manufacture. More recently, we have managed to upscale the synthesis of hollow Ti 4 O 7 nanoparticles using spherical polyelectrolyte brushes as the template by using the minipilot reactor (5 L) . The obtained Ti 4 O 7 hollow particles have been successfully used as cathode materials for Li-S batteries in the form of pouch cells [6] . More recently, we have also extended this approach to complex hybrid carbon nanostructures with potential use in electrochemical energy storage and conversion [7] . References 1. W. Li, G. Zheng, Y. Yang, Z.W. Seh, N. Liu, Y. Cui, PNAS 2013 , 110, 7148. 2. T. Quan, N. Goubard-Bretesché, E. Härk, Z. Kochovski, S. Mei, N. Pinna, M. Ballauff, Y. Lu, Chem. Eur. J. 2019 , 25, 4757- 4766. 3. D. Xie, S. Mei, Y. Xu, T. Quan, E. Hark, Z. Kochovski, Y. Lu, ChemSusChem 2021 , 14, 1404-1413. 4. T. Quan, Y. Xu, M. Tovar, N. Goubard-Bretesché, Z. Li, Z. Kochovski, H. Kirmse, K. Skrodczky, S. Mei, H. Yu, D. Abou-Ras, M. Wagemaker, Y. Lu, Batteries & Supercaps 2020 , 3, 1-11. 5. S. Mei, C. J. Jafta, I. Lauermann, Q. Ran, M. Kärgell, M. Ballauff, Y. Lu, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2017 , 1701176. 6. S. Mei, A. Siebert, Y. Xu, T. Quan, R. Garcia-Diez, M. Bär, P. Härtel, T. Abendroth, S. Dörfler, S. Kaskel, Y. Lu, Batteries & Supercaps 2022 , e202100398. 7. 2. D. Xie, Y. Xu, Y. Wang, X. Pan, E. Härk, Z. Kochovski, A. Eljarrat, J. Müller, C. T. Koch, J. Yuan, Y. Lu, ACS Nano 2022 , 16, 10554–10565.
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