PAP Risk Category Flow Chart CSU ARDEC Timothy N. Holt, DVM, Rhyannon Moore-Foster, DVM Tested on May 22 and rechecked December 15, 2025 Location of PAP Test: Fort Collins, Colorado — Elevation 5213 feet
PAP Risk Factor Moderate Elevation Test Chart PAP tests conducted at elevation 5000-5500 ft. (70-75% Repeatable, Predictive Value)
AP Score
Use at Low Elev. (<4000 feet)
Use at Moderate Elev. (4000-5500 FEET )
Use at High Elev. (5500-7500 feet)
Use at Extreme (>7500 feet)
34-41
Low Risk
Low Risk
Low Risk
Low Risk
42-44
Low Risk
Low Risk
Low Risk
Moderate Risk
45-49
Moderate Risk
Moderate Risk
Moderate Risk
High Risk
>50
Moderate Risk
Moderate Risk
High Risk
High Risk
*When selecting an animal based on a PAP measurement other factors besides those listed above should be considered such as genetics or pedigree, PAP EPD’s, Systolic/Diastolic pressures, breed and previous illness. *Special consideration should be given to the amount of time the animal was exposed to elevation prior to testing. The predictability and repeatability of the PAP measurement improve with longer exposure to higher elevation (minimum of 4 weeks is required). *This chart is based on animals greater than 10 months of age. Testing older animals (>12 months) results in a higher predictive and repeatability of the measurement. *Testing of younger animals (<12months) may result in a greater variability to the predictive and repeatability measurement. Definitions: *Repeatable or Repeatability percent is a term used to give strength to a given PAP score predicting that if a PAP retest was carried out later in life, then the score would be close to or within the same category as the original measurement. For example, a PAP measurement taken below 4000 feet only has a 40% repeatable percent meaning that a repeat test only has a 40% chance of staying within the same risk category as the original test. *Predictive Value—this term is closely related to repeatability percent but specifically says that the original score can accurately predict what that animal will retest in a higher elevation. *Risk—Defined as the likelihood of an animal developing pulmonary hypertension themselves or being at risk for having a genetic predisposition for the disease The ARDEC bull facility lies at an elevation of 5213 feet which puts the repeatability and accuracy of the PAP test in the 70-75% accuracy level meaning that those bulls testing above 50mmHG should be purchased for use in elevations below 5213 feet. The above chart can be utilized as a guideline for purchasing a PAP tested bull for use at your home ranch elevation and what number you should consider. It is always a good idea to have the animal retested at some point after the bull is at the home ranch for greater than 4 weeks.
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