نمـط الاقتـراع اللائحـي، التمثيـل النسـبي، النظـام الحزبـي الكلمـات المفتاحيـة: المغربــي، تشــكيل الأغلبيــات، التحالفــات الحكوميــة، الخريطــة الانتخابيــة، الديمقراطيــة الداخليــة للأحــزاب، التشــتت الحزبــي، الإصلاح السياســي Abstract This study explores how Morocco’s proportional list voting system, which was adopted in 2002, has shaped the party system and the formation of governing majorities. It draws on three complementary analytical approaches. The first examines how the electoral system structurally affects party pluralism and the limits of its representational effectiveness. It finds that the low electoral threshold and the “largest remainder” formula have expanded representation but also deepened party fragmentation and weakened ideological differentiation. The second approach looks at the dynamics of government-coalition building. It shows that the list system has not produced coherent or stable majorities. Instead, it has led to hybrid coalitions driven more by political bargaining than by clear policy programmes, reducing government effectiveness and blurring the role of the opposition. The third approach highlights the major shifts in the electoral landscape from 2002 to 2021. Party structures, weak internal democracy, the rise of populist tendencies, and organisational splits have all contributed to a fluid and unstable party scene, where the effects of the electoral system intersect with broader political and institutional factors. The study concludes that proportional representation, in its current form, has not reached its full potential in Morocco. It functions more like an individual-candidate system masked as a list system, unable to generate an orderly party system or strong governing majorities. Improving the electoral framework therefore depends on accompanying party and institutional reforms that restore the mediating role of political parties and support effective democratic competition. Keywords: party-list electoral system, proportional representation, Morocco’s party system, majority formation, government alliances, electoral landscape, intra-party democracy, party fragmentation, political reform.
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