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WAKING UP IN A PRE- ALARM CLOCK WORLD
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A JOURNEY THROUGH TIME
Imagine your alarm clock just vanished. How would you wake up for work or school tomorrow? A century or two ago, this wouldn’t have been an issue, as our ancestors had ways that were equally, if not more, effective. In the 19th century, the profession of a “knocker upper” existed, where individuals were paid to tap or shoot at windows with long sticks or peas from a blowgun to rouse people from their sleep. Yet, that was only a recent solution in the grand timeline of human existence. To appreciate the methods of the past, we must first understand that humans once had an entirely different relationship with time. Before the invention of mechanical clocks, timekeeping was predominantly a natural observation of the sun during the day and the moon and stars at night. This celestial science led to the invention of the sundial, which was followed by more intricate devices like water clocks, hourglasses, and candles marked with hour lines. In ancient Greece and China, complex water clocks were used, with a notorious one belonging to Plato, which reportedly had a mechanism that forced air through a whistle when it ran out, serving as an alarm for his dawn lectures. Another communal form of an alarm was the regular tolling of church bells or calls to prayer. People also employed simpler methods, such as drinking a lot of water before bed (nature’s call is a powerful alarm!), or positioning their beds to face the rising sun. Nature, too, provided alarms with birds singing, cows mooing, and cockerels crowing at dawn. The 14th century saw the invention of mechanical clocks, which were not particularly accurate but were revolutionary technology for towns and cities. These clocks were initially large and housed in civic or religious buildings, but by the 16th century, they had been miniaturized and improved, leading to the invention of domestic clocks and watches. This development led to inventive mechanical alarms. An example from the 18th century was a clock with a flint- lock mechanism that lit a candle at a set time. This was a predecessor of the modern mechanical alarm clock that was
patented in the 19th century and later replaced by radio and digital alarms in the 20th century. However, focusing on how people woke up misses a crucial point. The question we should ask is why they needed to wake up at all. For most of history, the vast majority of people worked in agriculture, and their work was not dictated by hours but by tasks that needed completion within a given day, week, month, or season. The need for accurate alarms and timekeeping was limited to a small percentage of the population, such as merchants, scholars, princes, monks, politicians, and bureaucrats. The majority of people worked according to natural schedules rather than manmade ones. This changed dramatically with the Industrial Revolution. As people moved from working in nature to factories, the working hours were set by the manager, not the sun. Our relationship with time changed. Hours became standard, defined by precise, scientific measurements. The introduction of time zones was necessary to prevent chaos with the rise of railways. In the past, when people worked the land and their lives were scheduled by nature, the precision of minutes and seconds
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SCREEN-FREE ACTIVITIES TO KEEP KIDS ENGAGED THIS SUMMER DIGITAL DETOX:
As we approach another summer break, many parents are starting to wonder how they can keep their kids entertained without relying on screens. With the ubiquity of digital devices in our lives, it’s important to remember the value of a good old-fashioned playtime. Let’s explore some fun, innovative, and screen-free activities that can help your kids have a memorable summer! 1. Embark on a nature scavenger hunt. One of the easiest and most enjoyable ways to get kids off screens is to get them outdoors. Organizing a nature scavenger hunt in your local park or even your backyard can be incredibly fun. Create a list of items for them to find — a red leaf, a feather, a rock shaped like a heart — and let them explore. This not only nurtures their observation skills but also their appreciation for nature. 2. Ignite their culinary passion. Let your kids don an apron and become mini-chefs for a day. Choose a simple, hands-on recipe like homemade pizza or cookies, and let them get messy. Not only does cooking together create wonderful family memories, but it also teaches kids valuable skills like measuring, following instructions, and patience. 3. Encourage creative expression with arts and crafts. Setting up an arts and crafts station can keep kids engaged for hours. Provide them with an assortment of materials like colored paper, glue, scissors, and paints, and let their creativity run wild. They could make
handmade greeting cards, paint a canvas, or create their own comic book. The possibilities are endless! 4. Set up a homemade obstacle course. Transform your backyard into a mini adventure park. Use items around the house like hula hoops, cardboard boxes, and pool noodles to create a fun and challenging obstacle course. This promotes physical activity and can be a thrilling competition if you have more than one child. 5. Dive into the world of books. Reignite the magic of storytelling by encouraging your children to read. Choose a range of books that cater to their interests, and perhaps start a mini book club at home. Discuss the stories, characters, and the lessons learned. This not only improves their language skills but also expands their imagination. 6. Engage in board games and puzzles. Board games and puzzles are not just entertaining, but also educational. They can help children develop problem-solving skills, strategic thinking, and patience. Plus, it’s a great way for the whole family to spend quality time together. Remember, the goal of these activities isn’t merely to keep kids busy but also to provide them with opportunities to learn, create, and grow. Encourage their interests, be patient with their pace, and most importantly, join in the fun. Here’s to a summer full of joy, discovery, and minimal screen time!
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WORKERS’ COMPENSATION AND PERSONAL INJURY
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As summer approaches, those who work outside must prepare to face the challenges brought on by the heat. In an era of increased temperatures and frequent heatwaves, it’s crucial to know how to stay safe and healthy when working outdoors. Here are some key strategies to keep in mind. Firstly, hydration is your best defense against the heat. Drink water often, even before you feel thirsty. A good rule of thumb is to consume at least 1 cup of water every 15-20 minutes during strenuous activity. Avoid drinks with caffeine or alcohol, as they can dehydrate you. Secondly, take regular breaks. During these breaks, try to find a shady spot or cool area to allow your body time to recover. Overexertion can lead to heat exhaustion or heat stroke, which are serious conditions that require immediate medical attention. Thirdly, wear appropriate clothing. Light-colored, loose-fitting clothing is ideal as it allows for better airflow and reflects heat. In addition, use a hat to shield your head and face from direct sunlight. Don’t forget to apply a high-SPF sunscreen to exposed skin to protect against harmful UV rays. Fourthly, acclimatize to the heat. Our bodies need time to adjust to high temperatures, especially if we’re not used to them. Start slowly, gradually increasing the duration and intensity of your work over a week or so. Lastly, be aware of the signs of heat-related illnesses. If you or a coworker begin to experience dizziness, rapid heartbeat, extreme fatigue, confusion, or fainting, it’s essential to seek medical help immediately. These could be signs of heat exhaustion or heat stroke. Remember, safety is a shared responsibility. Encourage your coworkers to take these precautions and look out for each other. It’s possible to work outside safely during the summer, but it requires awareness and proactive steps. Stay cool, hydrated, and safe this summer! WITH THESE SUMMERTIME STRATEGIES DEFEND YOURSELF AGAINST HIGH TEMPERATURES So, the next time you’re jolted awake by your alarm clock, spare a thought for the knocker- uppers, water clocks, and the natural rhythms of the sun and the stars. It’s a testament to human innovation and adaptability but also a reminder of a time when our relationship with the world was a little less hurried and a little more in sync with the world around us. –Tom Askeroth wasn’t necessary. Tasks simply had to be completed before sundown, and there were no Zoom meetings at 4:30 p.m. ET to attend. The lives of peasants were ordered by the sun and stars and the seasons and animals, with days marked by bells and songs, and time defined by how long it took to cook an egg. In many ways, their time was more flexible, and they had more holidays than we do now.
HOMEMADE DOLE WHIP Inspired by ThePioneerWoman.com
The summer heat is on! And what better way to cool off after a long day in the sun than a refreshing bowl of Dole whip? This frozen treat has everything you need in a summer dessert: the tangy sweetness of pineapple and the creamy taste of vanilla ice cream.
Ingredients
• 3/4 cup pineapple juice • 1 cup vanilla ice cream • 2 cups frozen pineapple
Directions • 1 tbsp lime juice • Pinch of sea salt
1. In a high-powered blender, combine all the ingredients. Blend on medium-high speed until smooth, stopping to push the pineapple chunks down into the blender as needed. 2. Transfer to a bowl; cover and freeze for 30 minutes. 3. Scoop and serve. Alternatively, transfer to a piping bag fitted with a large star tip, then pipe into small serving bowls. (This method will make it look like it came out of a soft serve machine.)
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INSIDE
1 Dawning of the Age of Timepieces 2 3 Prepare for Summer’s Extremes Homemade Dole Whip Old-Fashioned Playtime 4 The Colorful History of Medieval Smack Talk
THE ORIGINAL RAP BATTLES Long before diss tracks, rap battles, and “yo mama” jokes, there was medieval “flyting.” Defined as quick exchanges of witty insults, these poetic slights were popular in How Disses Became Poetry
If you’re wondering what exactly these two “gentlemen” were saying, we’d have to admit that it would be difficult to quote without including expletives and curses. However, one tame section can be shared here. Dunbar reportedly insulted Kennedie by saying:
England and Scotland from the 5th to 16th century. Insulting someone in verse took immense effort and quick wits, and they were undoubtedly a performance you didn’t want to miss. Despite crude language and below-the-belt potshots, flyting became entertainment for royals and was dubbed “court flyting.” While these jests are not well- documented, one flyting event made history. The iconic exchange known as “The Flyting of Dunbar and Kennedie” occurred in the early 16th century between William Dunbar and Walter Kennedie. The two were performing their court flyting for the Scottish King James IV. Both men were known for their intellect and clever nature, and their flyting did not disappoint. This famous dialogue featured two firsts: using fecal matter as an insult and dropping the F-bomb. Low-brow and crass, these speedy insults were simply too entertaining for even kings and queens to ignore.
Maggoty mutton, gorged glutton, scurrilous certain heir to Hillhouse,
Rank beggar, oyster-dredger, dismal debtor on the lawn, Lily-livered, soul-shivered, cheap as slivers in the millhouse, Bard baiter, thief of nature, false traitor, devil’s spawn.
While these amusing fights were a form of entertainment, men also used them to influence the courts and improve their social profile while lowering others. So, as you can imagine, flyting could get intense (similar to rap battles and heated diss tracks).
Centuries have passed, yet some things never really change!
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