Student Research Symposium Program-Fall 2023

MISSOURI VALLEY C O L L E G E

December 4, 2023 Malcolm Center for Student Life

Symposium Registration Lobby, Malcolm Center for Student Life 8:00 A.M. - 3:00 P.M.

Welcome and Opening Remarks Bacon Conference Room B 8:45 A.M. Elizabeth Bellamy, Vice President of Academic Affairs

Poster & Visual Art Session Set up 11:00 A.M. - 12:00 P.M. Staffed 12:00-2:00 P.M. Malcolm Center Gymnasium

Presentations Malcolm Center: Bacon Conference Rooms A (North) and B (South) and Multipurpose Room (Ground Level) 9:00 A.M. - 4:00 P.M.

9:00 A.M. Session 1: Sickness (Bacon B) Julius Kruger , “How Covid Sickened the Economy: The Post-Pandemic State of the American Economy in a Comparison and Analysis” Angelique Morgan , “Mad Cow Disease” Estefano Delgado , “Buruli Ulcer and Mycobacterium ulcerans Infection: Unraveling the Mysteries of a Neglected Tropical Disease” Lucinda Lombaard ,* “Marburg Virus: The Rising Filovirus in Africa” Judges: Haley Innes, Rachel Ewing, Eva Agcaoili Session 2: Life and Death (Multipurpose Room)

Alexis Tappe, Clarissa Hagler, and Steven Weathers , “Day in the Life of Game-Day Operations” Brandi Saunders , “Trauma Life as an ER Nurse: Why We Are Leaving and How to Stop It” Elizabeth Hurst , “Women In A Gilded World” Sage Carter ,* “Irish Astronomy: Analyzing the Ancient Irish Passage Tombs” Judges: David Bowers, Harley Hagenhoff, Roberta Griffitt

10:00 A.M. Session 3: Dangers to the Body (Bacon A) Cherrelee Miles , “The Deadly Disease - Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis” Brooke Trujillo , “Needlestick Injury Management Outside of the Healthcare Setting” Seth Stotts , “The Effect of Pre-operative Education on Post-operative Pain” Valentine Laser ,* “Sports-Related Injuries and Their Effects” Judges: Tamika Drake, Gabi Morales, Camden Phillips Session 4: Changes of State (Bacon B) Sage Carter , “Beyond the Bomb: Analyzing the Nuclear Order and Need for Abolition” Dawson Woehr and Chamara Jayasundera , “Chemistry of Anesthetics: Preliminary Study of Mechanism, Structure and Properties of Anesthetic Compounds and Analytical Chemistry of Anesthetic” Adellia Timmer , “Poem to My Father” Sidni Hunter ,* “Solarpunk: How Optimism Can Rewrite Our Future” Judges: Peggy Sherman, Christina Wilson, Gary Heisserer Session 5: Ancient Past and Emerging Futures (Multipurpose Room) Briana Tyler, “The Need for Longer Appointment Times with Pediatric Clients” Bryson Anderson , “Guarding Against HPV: Understanding, Prevention, and Protection” Steven Argueta , “The Secrets in the Margins” Natasha Louw* and Sebastian Contreras Remarchuk, “Ancient Greece Civilization and its Contribution to Astronomy” Judges: Roberta Griffit, Gerry Baygents, Rubal Pradhan

11:00 A.M. Session 6: Teaching and Learning (Bacon B) Rachel Mapes , “Wonderful World of Teachers” Jackson Tobias , “Tourettes in the Classroom” Lorenzo Celiento , “What’s in the Matrix?” Genevieve Hopkinson ,* Ashley Whetzal, Audrey Short, Bailey Emann, Jammel Smith, Renata Olvera, and Victor Gabriel “Athletic Department Internship Group Purple” Judges: Gerry Baygents, Bathsheba Love, Tiffany Bergman Session 7: Culture (Multipurpose Room) DeRel Morris , “Who Are You, Truly?” Miriam Gubo and Keylaney Gutierrez , “Ancient Mesopotamia Astronomy: Analyzing the Significance and Purpose of Ziggurats, Cuneiform Writing, and Zodiacs” Joana Marucci Compte, * “Cultivating Cultural Sensitivity” Judges: Linze Hawkins, Eva Agcaoili, James Menz 12:00 P.M. Session 8: Faculty Brown Bag (Multipurpose Room) Andrew Linsenbardt, “Implementation of Randomized Frequent Testing in Anatomy & Physiology I” Philip Gresham and Christine Sanders, “Visualizing Agriculture: System Design Thinking in Practice” Waylon Hiler, Mariona Bolao Manen, and Trista Arnold, “Outdoor Education and Experiential Learning at Missouri Valley College: Multiple Perspectives” Margot Mirabal,* “Applied Graduate Capstone Project: Writing and Illustrating a Children’s Book” Poster Session 12:00 - 2:00 P.M. | Malcolm Gym 1. Cris Aguilar - “Evaluations of Mental Illnesses in the Prison System” 2. Antonio Alexander - “Socrates” 3. Olson Anderson - “Traumatic Brain Injuries” 4. Marina Barbara - “The Impact of Cholera in Non-Industrialized Countries”

5. Jared Bedell - “Anthrax” 6. Jett Bridges - “Asthma” 7. Stella Cashin - “Strep Throat” 8. McKenna Christensen - “Etiology of Tetanus by Clostridium tetani”

9. Kelani Corbett - “Prevalence of Eating Disorders in Wrestling and its After Effects on Health” 10. Trenton Crowley and Cole Patten - “Changing the Perspective of Learning Disabilities” 11. Ashtyn Doran - “Investigating HIV/AIDS”

12. Alexis Duenas - “What is Polio?” 13. Elise Falcetti - “Why Sex Ed?” 14. Elizabeth Hubbard - “Toxic Shock: The Infection in a Box”

15. Skyie Fuentes - “Smallpox” 16. Keyonie Gaddy - “MRSA” 17. Rachel Gammill - “Leprosy”

18. Carter Goslee - “The Impact of the Bubonic Plague” 19. Josef Hedger - “Dyslexia and its Effects on Students”

20. Sidni Hunter - “Zika” 21. Petelo Ioane - “Drug Abuse In America” 22. Lalomilo Losefa Jr. - “Capital Punishment” 23. Izak Johnson - “Avian Flu” 24. Grace Justus and Aniah Castuita - “Shadows of The Mind” 25. Kloee Mills - “The Overworking of Student Athletes” 26. Ryan Knipfer - “Lyme Disease” 27. Katelynn Martinez - “Trichomoniasis” 28. Joana Marucci Compte - “Comparative Windshield Survey: Saline County & Pettis County” 29. Josiah Matamua - “Adolescents Engaged in Gaming That Affect Their Health” 30. Madison Mills - “Malaria” 31. Dalton Oerly - “H1N1 ‘Swine Flu’” 32. Jordyn Pollock - “Salmonella”

33. Carly Powley - “Meningococcal Disease” 34. Shane Rodriguez - “Logo Branding Process” 35. Marçal Ros Aspas - “Hepatitis B” 36. Hailey Simons - “Tuberculosis Research”

37. Felipe Souza and Raphael Battini - “Sensory Rooms” 38. Oliver Svirsky - “Physical Activity and Mental Wellbeing” 39. Georgi Vlahov - “Ebola”

Judges: Eva Agcaioli, Tiffany Bergman, David Bowers, Tamika Drake, Tonya Eddy, Rachel Ewing, Kevin Gasser, Harley Hagenhoff, Linze Hawkins, Gary Heisserer, Haley Innes, Lee Jones, Jen Livengood, Bathsheba Love, Jim Menz, Gabi Morales, Samantha Perkins, Camden Phillips, Rubal Pradhan, Dajah Robinson, Christine Sanders, Claire Schmidt, Peggy Sherman, Christina Wilson

Art & Agriculture Collaboration Showcase: Visualizing Agriculture: System Design Thinking in Practice 12:00 - 2:00 P.M. | Malcolm Gym

Carson Ball Yago Calduch Roig Sarah Cassady Brayden Dubes Jacob Dunavan Gary Eaton Quinlan Giffen

Darius Green Ethan Hurt Chase McCord Kyotee McNeill Mencia Medio Jadon Moore Dally Orman

Garrison Parkhurst Diante Pillay Elias Washington Riley Whitt

Kiara Williams Jason Wilson

CERAMICS STUDIO OPEN HOUSE Young Hall | 9:00 A.M. - 4:00 P.M. ART SHOWCASE 12:00 - 2:00 P.M. | Malcolm Gym

Olivia Bettencourt Secret Stairwell graphite on paper Juliana Blackburn

Sophie Cott The Larmour Procession Mock Album digital art Sophie Cott Cloth and Rose graphite on paper Sophie Cott Take Me Home/ Yumenokeloid ballpoint pen on paper Kendall Frank

Elizabeth Hurst Baity Hall Staircase graphite on paper Taiga Matsumoto Untitled Still Life charcoal on paper Carla Medina Gonzalez Obsolescence white stoneware clay Jerrika Renner Untitled pen and ink on paper Audrey Schoch Skull and Flowers graphite on paper Grant Worthington Chaps leather Grant Worthington Portrait of a Cowboy white stoneware clay

Rhino Beetle ballpoint pen

Shawn Browder Untitled Still Life charcoal on paper Somer Cedeno Edward Hopper Master Copy oil on canvas McKenna Christensen

Untitled Still Life charcoal on paper Wyatt Grunwald Blooming Beauty graphite on paper Miriam Gubo Untitled Master Copy oil on canvas

Untitled Still Life charcoal on paper Luke Clayton

Untitled Still Life charcoal on paper Sophie Cott I Think I Should See a Doctor digital art Sophie Cott I’m Not Your Therapist digital art Sophie Cott You Weren’t Even Yourself digital art Sophie Cott Rejoice! For the Immortal Has Given Birth to Humanity! digital art

Victoria Heglin Untitled Still Life

oil on paper Chané Higgo Formula 1 Stickers matte sticker paper, laminated sheet, vinyl Chané Higgo Frida Kahlo Master Copy oil on canvas

1:00 P.M. Session 9: Brains (Bacon B) Aidan Oldham , “Looking Beyond the Spectrum”

Arthur Stastny , “PTSD: The Intense Stress on the Brain” Kenneth Hartline , “Rabies and How it Affects Humans” Andres Rueda DeLeon ,* “Therapy for Everybody” Judges: Lee Jones, Kevin Gasser, Adrianne Fuller-St. John Session 10: College: Challenges and Opportunities (Multipurpose Room) Laura Moreno Chavez , “Making Missouri Valley College a Better Place to Spend our College Years” Hugo Vargas , “Racial Problems in College Campuses” Eva Agcaoili , “Counter-Narratives of Collegiate Debate: What You Don’t See from the Ivory Tower” Ignacio Moutas , “Exploring the Role of Video Games in College Classrooms Judges: Tamika Drake, Bathsheba Love, Rachel Ewing 2:00 P.M. Session 11: The Great Outdoors (Bacon B) Rocio Figureroa , Patricia Kolodziejczyk, and Rrok Prennushi, “Behind the Scenes of Moval Game Day” Sidni Hunter , “Wilderness Therapy: When Tough Love is Too Tough” Jeralding Olivas , “Women’s Figure Skating; a Sport of Beauty, Elegance, Exploitation, and Corruption” Mariona Bolao Manen ,* “Where the Spirit Meets the Bone: a Parallelism Between “ivy” and Emily Dickinson” Judges: Brian Nolan, Elsie Heimericks, Dajah Robinson Session 12: Business and Economics (Multipurpose Room) Nikoloz Chitaia , “Komble” Jacopo Sottocornola , “How Much can a Master’s Degree in Business Administration Increase Your Future Possible Earnings?”

Steven Argueta ,* “The Bitterness of Chocolate” Judges: Rubal Pradhan, Jim Menz, Samantha Perkins Session 13: Caring for Bodies and Minds (Bacon A) Sydni Brandon , “Whooping Cough” Ashley Lewis , “Helping Grieving Families” Alexis Livingston ,* “Diabetic Ketoacidosis: Utilizing the Anion Gap for Treatment” Judges: Margot Mirabal, Adrianne Fuller-St. John, Haley Innes 3:00 P.M. Session 14: Communication: Human and Beyond (Multipurpose Room) Juan-Pablo Cerda , “AI’s Influence on Business and Everyday Living” Kasey Doyel , “Educating on De-escalation” Rubal Pradhan , “Network Security in Data Communications” Sydnei Cummings ,* “Speech in “On Being Told I Don’t Speak Like a Black Person”” Judges: Brian Nolan, Christine Sanders, Joana Marucci Compte *Session Chair

Awards Reception Bacon Room, Malcolm Center for Student Life 4:00 P.M. - 5:00 P.M. Closing Remarks & Presentation of Awards 4:30 P.M. Dr. Joseph Parisi, Missouri Valley College President Excellence in Student Research Awards Best Poster

Best Creative Work Best Presentation Fall 2023 Student Research Symposium People’s Choice Award

ABSTRACTS

Eva Agcaoili - “Counter-Narratives of Collegiate Debate: What You Don’t See From the Ivory Tower” (session 10) In this presentation, I explore a crucial gap in the critical literature on how collegiate debate embodies and advances the academy’s scope. Matias et al. and Niviera Lozzano have written extensively about women of color in academia and taking back the academy using autoethnography to transition from being an object of research to an agent of research. My work brings together these scholars to focus on how Women of Color in U.S. collegiate debate can decolonize, dismantle, and restructure, beginning with identifying debate as an extension of the academy. Using ethnography, I map our counter-narratives, showing a generationally comprehensive picture illustrating that collegiate debate is a form of neocolonialism, colonizing brown and black students’ language, thought, and being. Cris Aguilar - “Evaluations of Mental Illnesses in the Prison System” (poster session) The research that will be conducted is about the prison facilities and how they all handle mental illness when they have convicted someone who has a form of it. There will be findings about how the prison system has treated inmates who have mental illnesses, laws and rules that have been put into place, how the medical system does not help these inmates, and how there could be changes in the system to better it. A survey will also be conducted on the students of Missouri Valley College to evaluate their knowledge of the prison system. Also, what suggestions could they have to improve the system if they believe that mental illness in the justice system is not handled correctly? Antonio Alexander - “Socrates” (poster session) The most influential Greek philosopher of ancient times, Socrates, is unquestionably the founding father of Western philosophy. His logical journey, which took place in Athens in the fifth century BCE, established the groundwork for the Western tradition’s methodical pursuit of wisdom, ethics, and critical thinking. The foundation of Socrates’ lasting impact is his different method of approaching philosophy, defined by his unwavering search for the truth through philosophical inquiry. He developed the development of moral, philosophical, and metaphysical inquiries by encouraging intellectual inquiry and challenging conventional wisdom through dialogues with fellow Athenians. The impact of Socrates on later philosophical ideas is huge. His approach to inquiry, the Socratic method, emphasizes the value of critical analysis and self-knowledge and continues to influence new philosophical discourse and pedagogy.

Bryson Anderson - “Guarding Against HPV: Understanding, Prevention, and Protection” (session 5) This presentation is an overview of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV). I will dive into everything one needs to know about the virus and its impacts on public health. HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States and has the potential to lead to cancer later in life. This presentation will include the fundamental aspects of HPV, including its transmission, associated health risks, and prevalence. The presentation will also go over the importance of vaccination and prevention. By the end of the presentation, one should have a basic understanding of Human Papillomavirus (HPV). Olson Anderson - “Traumatic Brain Injuries” (poster session) Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) result from sudden external forces that disrupt normal brain function. These injuries can range widely in severity and have a variety of origins, such as sports-related incidents, falls, and accidents. Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) frequently result in a variety of mental, emotional, and physical disabilities that affect a person’s day-to-day functioning. Immediate diagnosis and effective treatment are essential for reducing long-term effects. Depending on the severity of the injury, treatment options may include medication, rest, and specialized rehabilitation therapies. Because TBIs are complex, maximizing recovery and enhancing the quality of life for those affected requires a multidisciplinary approach involving medical professionals, therapists, and support networks. Steven Argueta - “The Secrets in the Margins” (session 5) An interesting subject of examination is the artistic period of medieval art, specifically illuminated manuscripts. However, specifically diving into the subject of marginalized or the study of grotesque creatures found in the borders of medieval manuscripts. I wish to dive into the meaning behind these strange drawings and whether they were simply a common cure to boredom or served an actual message. Theories on the symbology of snails and knights in battle are quite prominent in various manuscripts, which my research will be focusing on.

Steven Argueta - “The Bitterness of Chocolate” (session 12) A research of interest I have is on chocolate. Specifically on how chocolate plays a role in supply and demand, creating an unhealthy impact on both the world and the people it affects. I wish to talk about the ways companies have used toxic business practices in cocoa production in Africa and South, and Central America. Especially the exploitation of the people by inhumane business practices. I wish to emphasize how the role of capitalism has essentially created a new modern indentured servitude. For my sources, I will use accredited news publications on recent matters pertaining to chocolate companies like Nestle and how their business practices have created tension in countries with the most cocoa exports. However, it would also be essential to recognize the economic strain they have and ask whether these companies act out of pure greed. Can we as a society be okay with the amount of superiority used by these corporations over third-world countries? Chocolate has been a very prominent emphasis in the world of foods, so trying to recognize the dark business practices would be interesting to research. Trista Arnold - See Hiler Carson Ball - Art & Agriculture Collaboration Showcase Marina Barbara - “The Impact of Cholera in Non- Industrialized Countries” (poster session) Cholera is a bacterial disease of the intestinal tract that is caused by a microorganism called Vibrio cholerae. The people most likely to contract this disease are those who live in or travel to non-industrialized countries. This research will explore the causes, symptoms, epidemiology, and treatment of Cholera, as well as the effects this disease has demographically on non-industrialized countries. Raphael Battini - See Souza Jared Bedell - “Anthrax” (poster session) Anthrax is a bacterial infection caused by Bacillus anthracis. Historically, it’s been a concern since ancient times, with recorded outbreaks dating back centuries. The bacteria can be found in soil and affects both humans and animals. Transmission occurs through contact with contaminated animals or their products, inhalation of spores, or ingestion of undercooked meat. In humans, anthrax can manifest in various forms: cutaneous (skin), inhalation, and gastrointestinal. Symptoms depend on the type but often include fever, swollen lymph nodes, and skin ulcers. Inhalation anthrax, the most severe form, can rapidly progress to severe respiratory distress and is often fatal if not treated promptly. Understanding anthrax’s historical significance, modes of transmission, and diverse symptomatology is vital for developing effective preventive measures and treatments in the field of microbiology.

Olivia Bettencourt - Art Showcase Juliana Blackburn - Art Showcase

Mariona Bolano Manen - “Where the Spirit Meets the Bone: a Parallelism Between “ivy” and Emily Dickinson” (session 11) If history repeats itself, we can expect art to resurface through different artists, either by chance or inspiration. Emily Dickinson was one of the best American poets, born in 1830. Almost 160 years later, in 1989, Taylor Swift was born to become (one of) the best songwriter of our time. This project explores how over a century and a half later, the song “ivy” ( evermore , 2020) draws inspiration in both storytelling and lyricism from Dickinson. Mariona Bolano Manen - See Hiler Sydni Brandon - “Whooping Cough” (session 13) Whooping cough, also known as pertussis, is a highly contagious respiratory disease caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. It is characterized by severe coughing fits, often ending in a high-pitched “whoop” sound during inhalation. The disease primarily affects infants and young children, posing a significant risk to unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated individuals. Complications can be severe, leading to pneumonia, convulsions, and even death, particularly in infants under one year old. Vaccination remains the most effective prevention method, with a combination vaccine given to children in multiple doses. Despite widespread vaccination efforts, outbreaks continue to occur, highlighting the importance of maintaining high immunization rates to control this potentially fatal disease. Jett Bridges - “Asthma” (poster session) I would like to present a poster board on asthma for my research symposium project at the end of the semester. I have learned a lot about it recently. Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness, leading to recurrent episodes of wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and breathlessness. It affects millions worldwide, significantly impacting quality of life and healthcare costs. While its exact cause remains elusive, both genetic and environmental factors play a role. Management primarily involves inhaled bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory medications tailored to individual severity. Shawn Browder - Art Showcase Yago Calduch Roig- Art & Agriculture Collaboration Showcase

Sage Carter - “Irish Astronomy: Analyzing the Ancient Irish Passage Tombs” (session 2) This presentation will analyze the Ancient Irish Passage Tombs of Newgrange, Knowth, and Dowth. Specifically, it will analyze their construction, usage, and how astronomy was used in Ancient Irish culture. The passage tombs are shrouded in some mystery since, because of British colonization, much of Irish history has been lost. However, using primary sources and modern investigations, we have learned more and more about these passage tombs. This presentation seeks to collect information about the three tombs and analyze their connections and relevance to Irish culture. Specifically, they analyze their usage in rituals and burial for the Irish people, along with their tracking of the solstices. Sage Carter - “Beyond the Bomb: Analyzing the Nuclear Order and Need for Abolition” (session 4) The current nuclear order is moving closer and closer to disaster. Putin has moved nuclear weapons to the border of Belarus, pushing Europe closer to annihilation. On the other side of the world, China has ramped up its modernization and number of its nuclear arsenal. As we move closer and closer to nuclear war, we must ask ourselves, what is to be done to avoid the ultimate catastrophe? There is only one way to resolve nuclear war, and that is to get rid of every nuclear weapon that exists in this world and work towards building an international order focused on peace. This presentation will analyze the causes behind the rising tensions of the nuclear order, specific scenarios for a nuclear war to break out, and the importance of moving beyond the bomb. Stella Cashin - “Strep Throat” (poster session) Streptococcal pharyngitis or “strep throat” is an infection of the back of the throat and is caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, a gram-positive, group A streptococcus. Common symptoms are fever, sore throat, inflamed tonsils, and swollen lymph nodes. Strep throat is transmitted primarily through direct or indirect contact with secretions of saliva and mucus of one infected with the pyogenes. Most often strep is transmitted through close contact with streptococcus pyogenes, but may sometimes be passed through contaminated surfaces, and most rarely, airborne transmission. The incubation period is approximately 1-5 days after exposure to the disease, and is treated through the use of prescribed oral antibiotics. Penicillin is most often prescribed as it belongs to the beta-lactam class by interfering with the streptococcus bacteria’s ability to build and maintain cell structure. The weakened bacteria then undergo lysis. Penicillin therefore reduces the bacterial load responsible for causing the symptoms, alleviating infection. Sarah Cassady - Art & Agriculture Collaboration Showcase

Aniah Castruita - see Justus Somer Cedeno- Art Showcase Lorenzo Celiento - “What’s in the matrix?” (session 6) In this presentation, we will talk about matrices, understanding what is behind them, and how they can help us understand how the universe around us works. More specifically, we will discuss the determinant of a matrix, a special (magical) number that gives us the basic information about that matrix. We will also utilize a computer program that I wrote to aid in finding the determinant. Juan-Pablo Cerda - “AI’s Influence on Business and Everyday Living” (session 13) Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become integral to business operations and daily life. This project explores the profound impact of AI on contemporary society, offering insights into its transformative effects on various facets of our world. In business, AI is revolutionizing decision- making, customer service, and productivity through data- driven analytics, automation, and predictive algorithms. It is reshaping industries, enabling cost-effective innovations, and fostering market competitiveness. Beyond business, AI is affecting everyday living by enhancing convenience and personalization. From voice assistants to recommendation systems, it alters how we shop, communicate, and access information. However, it raises ethical and societal concerns about privacy, bias, and job displacement. By examining AI’s multifaceted influence, this project illuminates the opportunities and challenges AI presents, underscoring its role as a transformative force shaping our future. Nikoloz Chitaia - “Komble: The Game” (session 12) In this session, I present my game Komble, a captivating 2.5D platformer that brings to life the beloved Georgian fairy tale of “Komble.” Komble is crafted using the powerful Godot Engine 4, ensuring smooth gameplay and visuals. In this presentation, I’ll walk you through the key aspects of this game. During gameplay, Komble moves left and right to explore a beautiful storybook forest full of animals. Even though it looks 2D, it feels 3D, like you’re really among the rocks, trees, and mushrooms of Georgia. In the game, you’ll jump on platforms, figure out puzzles, and fight through three levels to discover who has taken Komble’s sheep.

McKenna Christensen - Art Showcase

McKenna Christensen - “Etiology of Tetanus by Clostridium tetani” (poster session) Tetanus is a fatal but preventable disease in our world today, caused by a bacterium known as Clostridium tetani. Tetanus has existed for a long time, with its first recorded case being around the 5th century BCE, as well as the first recorded case of tetanus being produced for testing in animals in 1884 by scientists Carle and Rattone. Research further indicates the importance of vaccination against tetanus, with vaccines being given to children from before the age of 2 and following shots every 5-10 years to help curb the devastating and permanent effects it can have on the nervous system. Symptoms include cramping, lockjaw, painful muscle spasms, seizures, and more. Tetanus is an unbiased disease affecting every group of people around the world. This presentation will offer a comprehensive overview of the disease, including but not limited to its history, etiology, clinical symptoms, and the overall pathogenesis of tetanus. McKenna Christensen - “Untitled Still Life” (Art Showcase) Luke Clayton - Art Showcase Sebastian Contreras Remarchuck - See Louw Kelani Corbett - “Prevalence of Eating Disorders in Wrestling and its After-effects on Health” (poster session) My board will be based on my Senior Seminar research paper about how common eating disorders are in wrestling and the after-effects of it. Sophie Cott - Art Showcase Trenton Crowley and Cole Patten- “Changing the Perspective of Learning Disabilities” (poster session) Exploring the many different types of learning disabilities and their impact on student performance, this study seeks to develop more substantial and more inclusive educational tactics to support students who have various educational needs. Knowing learning disabilities and the various types, such as dyslexia (reading disability), dyscalculia (math disability), and ADHD (attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder), in addition to identifying the common characteristics and symptoms associated with learning disabilities, such as difficulties with reading, writing, math, attention, memory, and executive functions. Investigating the reasons for learning difficulties, which could include genetic, neurological, or environmental factors to better help the student achieve academic success.

Sydnei Cummings - “Speech in “On Being Told I Don’t Speak Like a Black Person” (session 13) For the Student Research Symposium, I would like to propose the research I completed in the Spring of 2023 on Allison Joseph’s poem “On Being Told I Don’t Speak Like a Black Person”. I could relate to her idea because growing up in a predominantly White area, I’ve always been told I speak “polite,” which was just another way of saying I don’t talk like I’m Black. In this presentation, I will analyze “On Being Told I Don’t Speak Like a Black Person” and discuss African American Vernacular English in order to argue the way you talk has more to do with geographic origins than race and has no correlation to levels of intelligence. Estefano Delgado - “Buruli Ulcer and Mycobacterium ulcerans Infection: Unraveling the Mysteries of a Neglected Tropical Disease” (session 1) Buruli ulcer, caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans, is a debilitating skin infection primarily found in tropical regions. First clinically described in a groundbreaking 1948 article, this disease has a fascinating history marked by initial uncertainty and delayed recognition. The elusive nature of M. ulcerans’ cultivation was finally unraveled, leading to a better understanding of its optimal growth conditions. Despite decades of research, the natural reservoir and mode of transmission remain enigmatic, with various hypotheses explored. This presentation delves into the history, symptoms, progression, and impact of Buruli ulcer, emphasizing its low mortality but high socioeconomic burden. The complexities of treatment will also be discussed, shedding light on the ongoing efforts to combat this neglected tropical disease. Join us on the journey to uncover the mysteries of Buruli ulcer and M. ulcerans infection. Ashtyn Doran - “Investigating HIV/AIDS” (poster session) Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a global health pandemic, in some cases causing Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). This invasive microbe attacks the host’s immune system, rapidly weakening the body’s ability to defend itself from infections and diseases. HIV is most commonly transmitted through sharing needles, unprotected sexual contact, or from mother to child via childbirth or breastfeeding. Although the HIV virus continues to be incurable, Antiretroviral Therapy has dramatically transformed how HIV/AIDS affects those who are infected. A continuously fatal disease has now turned into a more manageable chronic condition. My motivation in choosing this topic was to help stop the stigma associated with HIV/AIDS. I hope that with the completion of this research symposium project, I will change one person’s misconception on HIV/AIDS.

Kasey Doyel - “Educating on De-escalation” (session 13) Correctional nursing is a field that is misunderstood. Handling difficult conversations and de-escalating techniques are not the focus of education in nursing school. Clinicals are rarely allowed in this setting, so nurses do not get first-hand experience in this field. Experience in this field is on-the-job training that includes nursing skills but also correctional and safety training. Communication techniques are frequently not taught in these orientations, but a lack of communication skills can be detrimental to a nurse in this setting. An educational module was developed by applying techniques to help build confidence in communicating effectively with inmates and other staff members in the correctional setting. It is hoped that including this educational module in the orientation process will assist new-hires in acquiring communication skills specific to working in correctional nursing. Brayden Dubes - Art & Agriculture Collaboration Showcase Alexis Duenas - “What is Polio?” (poster session) Poliomyelitis, otherwise known as Polio, is a highly contagious, debilitating, viral disease. It is caused by the Poliovirus, which affects the brain and spinal cord’s nerves. The wild poliovirus has three variants: types one, two, and three; all belonging to the Picornaviridae family. This disease has been around for hundreds of years and has led to significant morbidity and mortality, especially among young children. Victims could be subject to headaches, nausea, fever, vomiting, stiffness, muscle loss, and even irreversible paralysis. Since the development of effective vaccines, the world has almost entirely eradicated polio, which is only present in a few countries. As we work towards a polio-free future, understanding the strategies taken to almost completely get rid of polio is very important. It is also imperative to know not only the past state but also the current state of the disease. Jacob Dunavan - Art & Agriculture Collaboration Showcase Gary Eaton - Art & Agriculture Collaboration Showcase Bailey Emann - See Hopkinson Elise Falcetti - “Why Sex Ed?” (poster session) In my poster, I will use research from journal articles on how comprehensive and accurate sexual education programs are across the United States. I will describe why sexual education is needed and what we can teach from k-12 that is appropriate and educating. I will depict what states have the most comprehensive, earliest, and best sexual education programs and which ones have the least. I will also discuss factors influencing this and use maps to display my data. Finally, I will go over the impacts of having proper sexual education vs. not.

Rocio Figueroa, Patricia Kolodziejczyk, and Rrok Prennushi - “‘Behind the Scenes of Moval GameDay” (session 11) During the semester of fall 2023, we have been given the opportunity to carry out an internship with the Athletic Department and with Tamika Drake. In this experience we have obtained the knowledge of how to organize globally and in detail, what it means to organize an event of any sport. The tasks that were given to us that also helped us gain experience included things such as taking care of the music and sound during the events taking place. As well as the setup of all the items necessary for the game to take place properly. Good social skills were also required in interacting with other teams and referees to welcome and accommodate them in any way needed, such as their locker rooms. Taking part in concessions and ticketing also demanded these social skills. Working with media and working to expand content using photos and videos so that all attendees can obtain visual information has also been something I’ve learned to do throughout this experience. Keep in mind, keep any media announcement or event simple yet intriguing to both invite all groups of people, while keeping them informed properly. Kendall Frank - Art Showcase Skyie Fuentes - “Small Pox” (poster session) Smallpox was believed to have existed thousands of years ago. The last known case was in 1977. It is a very contagious and deadly disease. It is thought that Christopher Columbus brought smallpox over from Europe to America, causing the epidemic among the indigenous population. In 1796, Edward Jenner, an English physician, developed the smallpox vaccination. He tested the cowpox virus on a boy, which later showed immunization against smallpox and provided protection against it. The last known natural case of smallpox occurred in Somalia in 1977. The initial symptoms of smallpox are similar to those of the flu and may include fever, fatigue, headache, body aches, and a rash after a few days. When the rash develops, it causes red spots on the face, hands, and forearms and then spreads to other body parts. Over time, these little rash dots fill with fluid, forming abscesses. The pustules are deeply embedded into the skin, painful, and often extremely itchy. After about 10 to 14 days, these little pustules start to dry and form scabs; they will eventually fall off, leaving pitted scars. Victor Gabriel - See Hopkinson

Keyonie Gaddy - “MRSA” (poster session) Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). This infection can occur in people in any kind of healthcare environment; this is called healthcare-associated MRSA. Community-associated MRSA usually begins as an abscess or boil. MRSA is a strain of Staphylococcus aureus that has developed antibiotic resistance. MRSA is generally spread by skin-to-skin contact along with invasive procedures or devices. People most at risk for MRSA are people who live in overpopulated areas, people who work in child care, and wrestlers. The symptoms of MRSA are warm to the touch, full of pus or other drainage, and accompanied by a fever. Staph is found in one-third of the population on the skin or nose and is usually harmless unless it enters the body through cuts or any other wound. A way to prevent MRSA is to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Rachel Gammill - “Leprosy” (poster session) Leprosy, also known as Hansen’s disease or Mycobacterium leprae, presents as an Erythematous or hypo-pigmented skin area with sensation loss leading to nerve damage. Leprosy’s history is long and diverse; it is reported as the first bacterium to infect humans. However, this was proven fatal until 1982, when a regimen of antibiotics helped maintain symptoms. They determined the incubation of Leprosy can be from a few weeks to 30 years. However, the average incubation is 3 to 10 years. Transmission can be from the skin or mucosa of the infected, which can be produced from lepromatous patients. Most infected have compromised immune systems, secondary to other diseases such as HIV. Armadillos naturally carry the Mycobacterium leprae, causing them to be a source of infection. In present- day Leprosy is now a non-fatal, highly treatable, and manageable disease. Quinlan Giffen - Art & Agriculture Collaboration Showcase Carter Goslee - “The Impact of the Bubonic Plague” (poster session) The black plague, also known as the bubonic plague, has devastated communities since the 1300s. It has taken a more significant percentage of the population than any other death event in history. Not only was it deadly, but it was also immensely influential to our history and evolution as humans. The plague’s most brutal outbreak occurred in Europe from 1347-1351 after it was carried over from China. The disease is spread through infected fleas, which live on and spread through rats to humans. The bacteria causing the disease is known scientifically as Yersinia pestis. The time from exposure to death was often extremely quick, with symptoms like swollen lymph nodes around the armpit, groin, and neck. These swollen lymph nodes are called buboes and give the disease its name. This disease is still a threat today, but since the discovery of antibiotics, the chance of survival has greatly increased.

Darius Green - Art & Agriculture Collaboration Showcase Wyatt Grunwald - Art Showcase Miriam Gubo - Art Showcase Miriam Gubo and Keylaney Gutierrez- “Ancient Mesopotamia Astronomy: Analyzing the Significance and Purpose of Ziggurats, Cuneiform Writing, and Zodiacs” (session 7) This presentation will focus on the subcultures of ancient Mesopotamia and its incredible progress in astronomy. The Ancient Mesopotamian’s significance was how they found ways to track the perceptible motions of the planets, including periods of apparent retrograde motion, helical rising setting, and conjunction with principal stars. As well as being able to document astronomical events and create a way of tracking time. Specifically, the presentation will go into more depth to give a better understanding of how Ziggurat structures, Cuneiform writing, and zodiacs contributed immensely to the progress of astronomical science. The amount of intelligence and craftsmanship it took to figure this specific process out is astonishing and is one of the main reasons for this research. The achievements of this period not only formed the foundation for later civilizations such as ancient Egypt and ancient Greece but still follow us to this day. Keylaney Gutierrez - See Gubo Clarissa Hagler - See Tappe Kenneth Hartline - “Rabies and How it Affects Humans” (session 9) Rabies is a ribonucleic acid form of a virus whose host range is specific to mammals. Rabies is almost certainly fatal at the clinical level. The main goal of this project was to identify how the lyssavirus attacks the host and progresses until death is virtually inevitable. Other topics covered in the research are treatment methods, mortality rates, and reservoirs. Human cases of rabies are sporadic, with almost all reported cases stemming from third-world countries. The lack of access to the rabies vaccine, as well as weakness in health care services, are the main reasons for rabies deaths today. Josef Hedger - “Dyslexia and its Effects on Students” (poster session) This project dives into not only what dyslexia is but the role it plays in students worldwide. The project focuses on an overview of the symptoms and treatment of dyslexia and digging deeper into how students are affected by dyslexia and what schools are doing to help students with dyslexia. Dyslexia makes learning more difficult for students. However, it should not prevent them from getting an education. Let’s look into making that a reality.

Victoria Heglin - Art Showcase Chané Higgo - “Formula 1 Stickers” (Art Showcase) For this creative project, I will present stickers inspired by quotes on and off the Formula 1 track. I will show how these stickers were made, from the initial sketches to the final designs. This sticker project also involved making and printing stickers and the challenges that come with handmade items. The project also allowed me to work on essential marketing elements to stand out in a sea of online sticker sellers. I will also discuss the importance of stickers in Formula 1 and how stickers are a big part of fan engagement. Genevieve Hopkinson, Ashley Whetzal, and Audrey Short - “Athletic Department Internship Group Purple” (session 6) This presentation reflects on a comprehensive internship within a collegiate Athletic Department, focusing on involvement in campus activities. It explores the motivation behind selecting this specific internship and the personal and professional growth experienced as a result. We will also share our responsibilities from pre- event planning to post-event analysis. The discussion will touch on the challenges faced, the aspects found most enjoyable and complex, and the success achieved. It will also examine the collaborative nature of the work, the pros and cons of the internship experience, and the future applications of the knowledge and skills acquired. Elizabeth Hubbard - “Toxic Shock: The Infection In a Box”(poster session) Toxic shock syndrome is a bacterial infection commonly associated with highly absorbent tampons among menstruating people. However, menstrual TSS hasn’t been as prevalent in tampons since around the 1980s due to the regulation of menstrual products. Because of these regulations, knowledge of menstrual and non-menstrual TSS is scarce. The symptoms are similar to other common infections, which can cause it to be overlooked and turn fatal. It is essential to bring awareness to this infection because though TSS may be rare, it doesn’t just affect people with periods. This infection can affect anyone who has undergone a surgical procedure or even with a simple cut left untreated. Sidni Hunter - “Zika” (poster session) Zika Virus, also known as Zika Fever, is an infectious disease caused by the Zika Virus. Like many other members of the Flaviviridae family, Zika is most commonly transmitted to humans by mosquitoes. Despite global reductions in Zika cases, this virus is a continuing threat in many parts of the world. This presentation will cover general information about the Zika Virus and illuminate its significance in today’s medical industry.

Sidni Hunter - “Solarpunk: How Optimism can Rewrite our Future” (session 4) In response to increasing climate doomers, a new movement offers an unapologetically optimistic vision of the future. Solarpunk, a movement in fiction, art, and activism, envisions a future in which we have pulled back just in time to stop the destruction of our planet and have used sustainable, green technology to achieve a utopian-like society. This presentation will examine the background, applications, limitations, and implications of the Solarpunk movement. Sidni Hunter - “Wilderness Therapy: When Tough Love is Too Tough” (session 11) Wilderness Therapy is part of a multi-billion dollar industry in the United States aimed at helping “troubled teens.” These camps are advertised as therapeutic programs for teenagers experiencing a wide range of mental and behavioral problems. The reality, however, is that for over 200,000 young people in the United States, these camps subjected them to emotional and physical abuse that caused a lifetime of trauma. As survivors use #BreakingCodeSilence to share their stories, the abusive reality of Wilderness Therapy is brought to light. This presentation will examine the causes, effects, and solutions to Wilderness Therapy- because we can no longer allow these covert operations to hold our most vulnerable youth captive. Elizabeth Hurst - Art Showcase Elizabeth Hurst - “Women in a Gilded World” (session 2) In this multimedia presentation, I will be reading from my book-length poetry collection tentatively titled Book of Poems. I will read poems including “A Woman” and “Gilded World.” I will also show artistic representations of poems within the book, using acrylic on canvas and charcoal drawing. These poems are about politics and war and women’s experiences in the modern world and the problems they face. Ethan Hurt - Art & Agriculture Collaboration Showcase

Chamara Jayasundera - See Woehr Patricia Kolodziejczyk - See Figueroa

Petelo Ioane - “Drug Abuse In America” (poster session) The purpose of this study is to examine and educate the public on the importance of drug abuse in America. This study is significant because the number of people abusing drugs and overdosing on them in America has increased rapidly. Many people have died and suffered from being addicted to drugs. The goal of this study is to educate people around the community to stay away from drugs and to help students understand more about what drugs are doing to people in America. Another goal targeted is to provide a program that can help stop drug addiction in America. This presentation will compare articles about drug usage and addiction facts and will help explain and push the message that drug abuse in America is getting out of hand. Izak Johnson - “Avian Flu” (poster session) Avian flu is a disease that affects birds, especially waterfowl. However, it can be contracted by humans. Direct contact with infected birds is the only way to receive this illness. Mucus or bird droppings are the primary way this disease spreads. Waterfowl are affected the most because of the disease spread into the water the birds sit on. Grace Justus - “Shadows of The Mind” (poster session) This project examines what depression is. We will discuss signs and causes of depression. Depression is a disease that affects over 21 adults and 3.7 million youth each year in the U.S. It is a common medical condition that affects the way you think,feel, and see the world. We will go into depth of possible causes, the way it affects people everyday, and possible ways to help cope with this disease. There are many depression disorders we will explain that negatively impact people everyday. Ryan Knipfer - “Lyme Disease” (poster session) Lyme disease is a vector-borne disease transmitted through bites from infected black-legged ticks. Borrelia bacteria cause the disease and is most common in the United States. Symptoms are similar to influenza, fever, headache, fatigue, erythema migrans, and a skin rash. Lyme disease progresses through three stages and, if caught early, is easily treatable with antibiotics. If left untreated, the disease can affect a person’s joints, heart, and nervous system, leaving lasting effects. Wearing insect repellent and proper clothing outside are the best ways to prevent tick bites that can lead to Lyme disease. Julius Kruger - “How Covid Sickened the Economy: The Post-pandemic State of the American Economy in a Comparison and Analysis.” (session 1) I want to analyze the effects of the pandemic and the lockdowns that came along with it on the American economy and then compare it to the pre-pandemic state. Additionally, I would like to compare the Great Recession and the Great Depression.

Valentine Laser - “Sports-related Injuries and Their Effects” (session 3) In sports, there is always a potential for injuries. However, athletes often think it will never happen to them, but then it happens when they would never expect it. In my case, I experienced a hip injury as a tennis player for Missouri Valley College, and this injury has caused many difficulties in my life. In this talk, I will discuss my case as an injured athlete, the literature regarding injured athletes, and the potential physical, mental, and emotional effects of these injuries. Ashley Lewis - “Helping Grieving Families” (session 13) In healthcare, nurses must often care for patients during the dying process. The care does not end at the loss of a patient, though, as nurses continue to help the families who are now grieving. Most nurses can feel unprepared when assisting these individuals. Establishing a systematic process to assess grief and helping nurses develop their ability to communicate with grieving families can increase family satisfaction and lead to better overall outcomes for both families and nursing professionals. I developed an educational module to help new ICU nurses identify grief, risk factors for complicated grief, and resources nurses can use to help these families. This education aims to increase a nurses’ confidence in assisting families with the complicated grief process. Andrew Linsenbardt - “Implementation of Randomized Frequent Testing in Anatomy & Physiology I” (session 8) There are many methods of instruction that can be employed in challenging classes like Anatomy & Physiology I to successfully complete course learning outcomes. Randomized frequent testing, where students are encouraged to complete comprehensive assessments using a computerized learning management system (LMS), has been shown in other settings to improve information retrieval and retention, as well as reduce test anxiety. This method was implemented in Fall 2021 in Anatomy & Physiology I at Missouri Valley College. Here, an analysis of the effectiveness of this implementation is presented, indicating that the number of attempts of assessments on an LMS significantly correlates with success on cumulative exams. Moreover, grades in the course have improved significantly since implementation of the method. Ultimately, these data suggest that randomized frequent testing has worked in this course and may prove beneficial for students in courses beyond Anatomy & Physiology I.

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