Ardmac EV Battery Facilities

Ardmac EV Battery Facilities. www.ardmac.com

EV Battery Clean & Dry Rooms. Our clients are powering the future.

Precision-built spaces for cutting-edge industries.

Protec Life. 02. About Ardmac 10. Design & Build 14. Giga Battery Applications 16. Dry Cleanroom Requirements 20. Safety First 22. Expert Teams 24. Working Smart 28. Investing In Innovation 30. Sustainability 34. Case Studies 36. Contact Us

ABOUT ARDMAC

cting Our advanced technical and sector expertise delivers innovative clean and dry room solutions.

With our deep experience in the cleanroom sector, Ardmac provides the technical solutions needed to meet the growing demands of the EV industry.

“Across all the industries we work in, we’re consistently delivering innovative new product and service offerings. Our clients are at the forefront of global innovation, so we need to be at the forefront of what’s technologically and operationally possible to meet their needs.” Enda Murphy, Chief Business Officer

In line with the rapid increase in the use of electric vehicles worldwide, the global lithium-ion battery market size is expected to expand at a CAGR of 18.1% from 2022 and reach $182 billion by 2030, according to a recent report by Grand View Research, Inc. Key to this target being achieved will be the availability of suitable giga-battery manufacturing facilities. Given the reactive nature of lithium, specialised closely controlled dry room environments are critical to the manufacturing process for high-quality lithium-ion batteries. This requires the application of cleanroom and humidity control technologies coupled with the expertise of our teams to deliver ultra-low RH clean facilities. Ardmac have developed a number of design solutions, tailored to suit your project’s specific requirements in relation to your clean and dry room performance. With almost 50 years of experience in the successful delivery of close controlled environments for the advanced technology sector, Ardmac and our specialist partners are ideally positioned to deliver your next EVBF manufacturing facility. Dry cleanrooms are hermetically sealed dry rooms, along with mini-environments that contain and maintain ultra- low humidity levels while also controlling airborne particle concentrations and static discharges. Specific requirements for such facilities can vary but would typically be ISO Class 6 – 8 dry rooms, with Relative Humidity level of <1% or a Dew Point of -50° Celsius. Regardless of whether it is a small-scale R&D facility or a large scale giga- plant the same design principles will be applied.

ABOUT ARDMAC

1 . 2M Global manufacturing space in square feet 250 K 250,000m² cleanroom space built in 3 years 358 + 358MW data centre capacity built in 3 years 529 + Ardmac Staff Manufacturing facilities across Europe & the USA 8 RoSPA Gold winners for Health & Safety 25

Delivering clean & dry room excellence across Europe and beyond.

Austria Belgium Denmark

Finland France Germany Ireland Italy Morocco Poland Portugal Singapore Spain United Kingdom USA

At Ardmac, our commitment to delivering world-class environments extends across Europe and beyond. With decades of expertise in controlled environments, we have become a trusted partner for global battery manufacturers and advanced technology clients, consistently delivering high-performance, precisely engineered dryroom facilities — wherever they are required. From large-scale gigafactories in Ireland to modular installations in Scandinavia, and precision-built dryrooms for battery innovation hubs in the UK and mainland Europe, Ardmac’s solutions are designed to meet the most demanding technical, environmental, and operational standards. Our value lies not only in the facilities we deliver, but also in the people who represent Ardmac worldwide — experienced teams who understand local markets, regulations, and the speed of delivery required in the fast-moving energy storage and advanced manufacturing sectors.

Our dryroom expertise is global, but our delivery is always local.

Our vision is to be the contractor of choice for clients and the workplace of choice for great people.

At Ardmac, our reputation is built on delivering results and exceeding client expectations. For almost 50 years, we have grown from a small Irish operation to the leading provider of high-tech cleanrooms, data centre solutions, EV battery & microelectronic facilities, quality fit-outs, specialised refurbishments, and turnkey construction of manufacturing facilities across Europe. We believe in setting new standards for our industry and driving innovation: we believe in tailoring solutions to our clients’ evolving needs, and in working hard to harness our unrivalled knowledge to deliver safety first and excellence as standard across award winning projects.

For our clients, that means acting with honesty and integrity always. Respect always and an open and transparent approach are key to developing long- lasting, trusting relationships. For our employees, that means encouraging them to be forward-thinking, to embrace change, and to share new ideas and knowledge. That experience and knowledge feeds back into projects to bring certainty to our clients, and to deliver superior results. Ultimately, we settle for nothing less than excellence as standard . We go the extra mile to ensure that we continue to lead the way in our industry and to uphold our ethos of Building Better.

ABOUT ARDMAC

Our Guiding Principles.

01. Safety First. Safety first and always is foremost in our thinking. For everyone around us, in everything we do and wherever we impact. 02. Understand our Customers. Listen to the client, understand their project vision and focus on the result. Build relationships - they matter. Ensure a positive experience so that our customers come back to us time and time again.

04. Excellence as Standard.

Excellence is the certainty that we bring to our projects. We need to plan intelligently, think smart, and deliver wholeheartedly. So we go the extra mile, to be the best. 05. Deliver our Brand Promise. We all play our part in re-enforcing Ardmac’s enviable reputation by focusing on the client’s needs and taking pride in our work. We Build Better together.

03. Respect Always.

We are open, honest, and transparent with each other to enable us to achieve the same goal.

Design and Build: Ideal dry cleanroom conditions with a safe pair of hands.

Creating the perfect dry room environment depends on two vital components: the architectural envelope and the HVAC system . At Ardmac, we design these to work in complete harmony, delivering the high- performance conditions the industry demands. The architectural envelope is responsible for meeting the requirements in relation to the provision of a hermetically sealed room. The HVAC system is responsible for ensuring that the required temperature, humidity levels and airborne particle concentrations are maintained. While the design principles for dry rooms remain consistent, the project specific design solutions can vary depending on a number of key design variables which include the following:

Room occupancy levels

Required temperature and relatively humidity levels & control bandwidths

Physical room dimensions

Sensible internal heat loads

Room exhaust rates

Process workflows and equipment layouts

Material and people flows and airlock barriers i.e. MALs and PALs

DESIGN AND BUILD

Design.

Manufacture.

Build.

Clean and Dry Rooms. The Ardmac Way.

DESIGN AND BUILD

01. Intelligent Design Dry cleanrooms require an integrated design of each contamination risk element. There can be no split responsibilities over performance and accountability; this only leads to over design and inefficiencies, with an unnecessary increase in capital expenditure and then operational expenditure. 02. Smart Control Every extra gram of moisture that has to be treated adds an unnecessary cost. Ardmac uses ‘Smart’ adaptive demand based control, with continuous monitoring of critical environmental parameters of moisture content, airborne particles and static charge levels. This real-time information, when coupled with integrated control of MALs and PALs ensures no moisture ingress during operations and precise contamination control, in the most efficient and cost effective manner. 03. Energy Efficient Ardmac has a particular expertise in dry cleanrooms and integrating ‘Smart’ HVAC systems and desiccant dryers. ‘Smart’ design principles are important when developing airlocks (MALs & PALs) to control air infiltration before it gets into the dry cleanroom and sensitive lithium-ion battery processes. Air leakage and unnecessary moisture treatment are the unseen enemies of good operational efficiencies and OPEX control. 04. Working Smart Ardmac work ‘Smart’, meaning we deploy innovative and integrated technologies throughout our business to coordinate our building processes and drive performance. We apply Lean construction and cloud based collaboration tools including BIM, Last Planner, GoContractor and Procore to maximise value for our clients. By implementing these powerful tools, clients are directly embedded in the process and can see project performance in real time.

05. Firestopping and Safeguarding There are inherent safety hazards involved with Li battery manufacturing processes, in particular, as their electrolytes are flammable by nature. Ardmac provide dedicated fire compartmentation for process segregation and isolation, for example those areas around aging ovens. In addition, off-gas monitoring is critical to guard against thermal runaway, which is an exothermic reaction in which lithium- ion battery cell temperatures rise rapidly in an uncontrollable manner, and toxic gases are vented, increasing the risk of personnel safety, fire and explosions. 06.Scale and Speed of Delivery Ardmac’s ability to deliver these fast track giga battery facilities is demonstrated by our proven ability to deliver complex large scale data centres and microelectronic facilities across the UK and Europe. There is no room for errors, either in design, co-ordination or execution to commissioning, performance verification, certification, handover and start-up. Speed of volume production is critical in this fast changing EV landscape. 07. Vapour Shield Ardmac are specialists in providing controlled environments with moisture and particle containment at the centre of our focus. We ensure all penetrations and joints are designed with vapour permeability in mind. This includes the entry and exit MAL and PAL barriers to moisture ingress.

Giga Battery Applications. Powering the future with precision.

High-technology battery applications demand precisely controlled environments. As lithium-ion batteries drive growth across industries — from EVs and energy storage to aerospace, healthcare, and telecoms — the need for reliable, high-performance facilities has never been greater. A lithium-ion battery is built on four essential components: the cathode, anode, electrolyte, and separator. Together, they enable the energy density, capacity, and safety that power today’s innovations. Energy density has already grown from 80Wh/kg in 1991 to over 250Wh/kg today, with breakthroughs expected to push this to 400–600Wh/ kg in the near future. These advances require specialised dry cleanroom environments to ensure quality, minimise defects, and maximise yield, reliability, and safety.

There are three dominant battery formats:

Cylindrical Proven, consistent, and cost-effective, widely used in EVs. Prismatic Space-efficient and robust, ideal for powertrains and storage. Pouch Lightweight, flexible, and highly efficient in packaging, with growing market dominance. Next-generation technologies, from solid-state to sodium- ion, promise even greater performance, higher capacities, and faster charging. With the evolution of these innovations, controlled dryroom environments remain critical to enabling safe, scalable, and sustainable battery production.

“With a positive culture at the core of a project — design, schedule, commercial and operations needs and targets can be met first. As a consequence the construction process can focus all efforts on its core elements such as safety, quality and production.”

Fergus Nugent, Operations Director

GIGA BATTERY APPLICATIONS

DRY CLEANROOM REQUIREMENTS

Dry Cleanroom Requirements. Lithium is highly sensitive to moisture. Even the smallest amount of humidity can reduce battery performance, shorten lifespan, and compromise safety.

To prevent these risks, lithium-ion batteries must be manufactured in dry cleanrooms — hermetically sealed environments with ultra-low humidity control. These facilities ensure consistent quality, yield, and reliability. At the same time, energy-efficient design and smart systems are essential to manage operating costs. Because people naturally release moisture through breathing and perspiration, modern gigafactory dry cleanrooms increasingly rely on automation and robotics to maintain strict environmental standards while ensuring worker comfort.

With advanced lithium-ion chemistries, moisture can also trigger the formation of hydrogen fluoride — leading to gas generation, swelling in prismatic and pouch cells, and significant reliability issues. Uncontrolled temperature and humidity during production, especially during electrolyte filling and assembly, can result in:

Reduced performance (charging capacity)

Shorter product lifetime

Safety risks, including fire or explosion

Manufacturing processes and contamination control:

EV battery manufacturing processes are complex, sensitive, and delicate, in a multi-stage sequence with mixing, pumping, coating, injection, calendering, ageing and assembly operations. EV battery contaminants include moisture, particles and static, chemical and electrical fire and safety risks. Therefore, robotics and automation are extensively used to provide both product component protection and personal safety. Typically, there are 4 processes to EV battery manufacturing. The following process steps are indicative of a typical battery, chemistries, and technologies. These process steps are carried out in multiple and different, interconnected dry cleanrooms and storage areas, within the overall EV battery manufacturing facility.

Electrode Manufacturing Raw materials are combined to produce a slurry material. This is coated onto a metallic substrate producing individual anode and cathode electrodes. The anode and cathode materials must be separate, always, to prevent contamination. Cell Assembly (Cylindrical/Pouch) The electrodes are brought together but separated by a ‘separator’. The electrolyte solution is injected into the cell. Formation, Ageing & Testing During the formation process, the cell receives it’s first electrical charge. A process of charging & discharging forms a protective layer on the electrodes. This protects the active material from the electrolyte solution. Module Assembly Individual cells are mechanically connected to form the battery module.

MANUFACTURING PROCESSES

Safety First. We will never compromise on safety.

“We have successfully embedded safety into the very core of Ardmac’s identity. It sets the tone for everything we do, everywhere we do it.” Jason Casey, Chief Operations Officer

Ardmac will never compromise on safety. It’s not just a priority, its our number one guiding principle. Our approach to safety goes far beyond compliance, shaping the way we think, act, and deliver across all our projects. As we continue to grow and expand into new markets, our unwavering commitment to safety remains at the forefront of our work. It is the tool for ensuring the wellbeing of our people, our clients, and the communities we serve. A safety standard that sets us apart Ardmac’s commitment to safety is best reflected in our strong track record for safety performance. However, for us, safety isn’t just about statistics, it’s about our people. We have successfully embedded safety into every level of our organisation, creating an open and honest environment where all voices are heard. Through analysis of our comprehensive safety metrics, we know the impact we are having in this area. We believe this is a clear indicator of the proactive safety culture Ardmac has built. Our clients trust us to deliver their vision but doing so safely is their key priority. We are proud to commit to accepting nothing less than 100% safe, whenever and wherever we work.

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SAFETY FIRST

93.5% Annual employee satisfaction survey

EXPERT TEAMS

Expert Teams. A culture of respect that fosters a passion for excellence.

Our people are our greatest asset. As a business, Ardmac is incredibly proud of the dynamic, forward- thinking culture we have built, and we recognise our employees as the driving force behind our success. Their passion, dedication, and commitment to excellence are evident in everything we do, every single day. We continue to invest in enabling our people to thrive in a supportive and inclusive culture and we know that our concerted efforts to achieve this are working because our people tell us. We were delighted to achieve a satisfaction index score of 93.5% in our annual employee satisfaction survey. For us, this is a strong validation of the impact of our people-first approach. It also informs our future efforts to ensure that Ardmac continues to be a place where people feel respected, rewarded, and recognised for their commitment to delivering our clients’ vision. A Commitment to Development Our clients are building the future so ensuring Ardmac’s people are at the forefront of developing sector expertise is incredibly important to our business. We recognise the essential role played by investing in learning and development. We consider investing in our people as an investment in our success. Our leadership team plays a key role in this and proactively ensures that our comprehensive learning and development framework is implemented across our entire organisation. We believe that through supporting the growth and development of our employees, we are maintaining and enhancing Ardmac’s reputation for quality and technical expertise. We are committed to equipping our people with the skills and knowledge they need to meet our clients existing and future requirements. Through strong partnerships with institutions like Trinity College Dublin and the Irish Management Institute, along with our dedicated panel of coaches and mentors, Ardmac continues to support our people to enjoy meaningful, long-term careers where they can reach their full potential.

The number of people on the Ardmac team for more than 10 years

A Culture of Respect Respect is a core Ardmac principle and is evident in every aspect of our work. For us, respect means being open, honest and transparent, enabling us to achieve our shared goals. The respect Ardmac employees have for each other extends across all levels and locations of our business. It shapes our culture. It supports the realisation of reasonable and realistic expectations too. As a business, we are proud to acknowledge our team’s efforts, and we respect the boundaries between personal and professional life in order to maintain a healthy work-life balance.

Working Smart. Driving innovation in the world’s most advanced industries.

Technological advancement and the development of our expertise are essential components of Ardmac’s success. We believe that through sustainable investment in these areas, we are investing in the catalysts that will ensure our future growth. Our clients work at the forefront of innovation. The innovative solutions we provide to them are built on trust, collaboration and technical expertise. For us, innovation isn’t just part of what we do, it sits at the very heart of everything we do. It enables us to be agile, efficient, and stay ahead of industry developments. For our clients, this translates to building their vision as smoothly and quickly as possible.

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WORKING SMART

“We see huge potential in automating routine tasks and reducing administrative burdens, empowering our people to spend more time focusing on what they do best – applying their expertise where it adds the most value. This will help us move faster, make better decisions, and deliver higher-quality outcomes for our clients, all while continuing to uphold the quality standards that have come to define Ardmac or, as we call it, ‘the Ardmac Way’.”

Fergus Nugent, Operations Director

WORKING SMART

Revolutionising construction site management. At Ardmac, innovation drives excellence. In 2024, we embarked on a transformative journey to enhance our site openings management process. While our workflows were already grounded in robust BIM implementation, we recognised the potential to elevate efficiency and safety by integrating cutting- edge technology. After evaluating both Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR), we identified AR as the optimal solution for on-site applications. Unlike VR, which posed safety challenges, AR offered a practical and secure alternative, allowing teams to utilise tablets in the field. To ensure seamless integration, we selected GAMMA AR, a leading augmented reality tool compatible with Autodesk Construction Cloud and Procore. A rigorous proof of concept verified its compatibility with our systems, and our Digital Innovation Committee (DIC) approved the deployment. The DIC, composed of senior leaders across departments, ensures all digital processes align with Ardmac’s high standards for quality and innovation.

By integrating AR with BIM, Ardmac has set a new standard for construction efficiency and precision. Real-time visualisation and data synchronisation eliminated inefficiencies, reduced errors, and aligned on-site execution with design specifications. This innovative system exemplifies our commitment to excellence, empowering teams with cutting-edge tools to deliver safer, more efficient, and higher- quality construction projects. Ardmac continues to lead the way in digital transformation, demonstrating how technology can revolutionise site management and redefine industry benchmarks.

“Our clients are building the future, and they trust us to deliver their vision. They value our dedication and commitment to ensuring that every project we deliver is of the highest quality.”

Enda Murphy, Chief Business Officer

Investing in innovation. Ardmac’s commitment to R&D.

At Ardmac, innovation is more than a value, it’s a strategic priority. As technology reshapes the way we design, deliver, and operate high-performance environments, we are doubling down on our investment in research and development to lead from the front. We are entering a transformative chapter, embracing digitalisation, AI, and real-time data to enhance how we work, and how our clients benefit. With live project data and intelligent automation at our fingertips, our teams are making smarter decisions, faster, and with greater consistency than ever before.

AI and Smart Construction Ardmac is investing significantly in artificial intelligence as a cornerstone of our future delivery model. These tools are already driving measurable improvements in project efficiency, quality, and reliability enabling us to meet rising customer expectations in speed, precision, and transparency. Looking Forward, Delivering More We are proud of our 50-year legacy of delivering for our clients, and our eyes are firmly set on the next 50. In the coming years, Ardmac will more than double its investment in R&D, expanding our capabilities to support new sectors, explore new territories, and bring smarter, faster, and more sustainable solutions to every client.

INNOVATION

“Innovation at Ardmac isn’t just about adopting new tools, it’s about reimagining how we deliver value for our clients. As we integrate AI, live data, and digital construction technologies, we’re creating smarter, faster, and more resilient ways of working. The impact is already clear: greater efficiency, improved consistency, and a stronger foundation for the future. Over the next five years, our increased investment in R&D will allow us to lead in new sectors, enter new markets, and help our clients meet their most ambitious goals with confidence.”

Peter Lonergan, Associate Director - Pre-Construction & Innovation

Ethically and responsibly managing all aspects of our operations.

For us, sustainability is so much more than something we aspire towards—it’s embedded in our culture. We have now successfully integrated sustainability into our long-term strategy and our daily operations. We believe that the choices we make today will have a lasting impact. We also know that we’re not quite there yet and we have much more to do, but we are resolutely committed to fostering a cleaner, greener future for generations to come. Through our dedicated environmental, social, and governance (ESG) programme, Sky Blue, Ardmac is moving forward with purpose and responsibility, as we strive to create meaningful change in our industry.

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“It’s taken time but our sustainable practices are now firmly embedded in our corporate agenda. We don’t just talk about sustainability, there’s real substance behind our actions, and we aim to have authentic, transparent conversations about our progress along the way.”

Diarmaid Magee, Director of SHEQ

SUSTAINABILITY

Sustainability in action. From modelling embodied carbon on all projects to developing a sustainability labelling system for modular builds, we help clients make informed, low-carbon choices. Our in-house BIM team supports this by prioritising sustainable materials and smarter design.

Driving Industry-Wide Impact

Sustainability extends beyond our business. We collaborate with suppliers, setting higher environmental standards. Partnering with Dagard, we secured Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) for cleanroom materials, setting a new industry benchmark. Achieving ISO 20400 certification in sustainable procurement reinforces our commitment. By prioritising ethical sourcing and encouraging suppliers to adopt EPDs, we drive positive change across the industry.

At Ardmac, sustainability isn’t just responsibility—it’s action.

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Ardmac is proud to announce a significant improvement in our 2025 EcoVadis Scorecard results, showcasing our commitment to sustainability and responsible business practices. Our overall score increased by 7 points, elevating us into the 80th percentile—a testament to our dedication to continuous progress. Our biggest strides were in Sustainable Procurement (+18 points) and Environmental Sustainability (+10 points), reflecting our strong focus on ethical sourcing and eco-friendly practices. With our improved ranking, we are now within reach of the Silver EcoVadis Medal, further reinforcing our position as a sustainability leader. While we celebrate these achievements, we remain committed to further enhancing our efforts, ensuring continuous improvement at every turn.

SUSTAINABILITY

+7 2025 Overall Score Improvement: Increased from 58/100 in 2024 to 65/100 in 2025 +18 Sustainable Procurement: Largest gain, rising 18 points from 40/100 to 58/100 +5 Labor & Human Rights Score: Improved 5 points, from 60/100 to 65/100

80 th Moved from the 68th percentile to the 80th percentile +10 Environment Score: Increased 10 points, from 60/100 to 70/100

FEB 2025

CASE STUDY

North East Giga Factory

Design and build both clean & dry production spaces

Location:

Sunderland, UK

Project Size:

70,000m2 of classified & non classified space

Ardmac was recently appointed to design and build clean and dry production spaces for a major new giga factory in the North East of England. This project encompasses HVAC design, structural dependencies for all in-scope systems, non- classified ancillary spaces and laboratories, as well as all fire compartmentation walls. Utilising the client’s environmental conditions and utilities matrix, Ardmac has developed a compliant and highly efficient space that delivers optimal value. Our air recirculation design maximises both capital and operational expenditure efficiencies, ensuring cost-effective and sustainable solutions. A key factor to the success of this project has been the close coordination between Ardmac, the client, their process equipment vendor, and the suppliers of all major plant and equipment elements interfacing with Ardmac’s clean and dry room envelopes and associated services. Early engagement has ensured that agreed interface points across the facility have been meticulously planned, resulting in a fully coordinated design and build that aligns with the client’s specific requirements.

The facility utilises an advanced air management concept based on Fan Filter Units (FFUs), integrated with separate dehumidification units and tertiary cooling systems. Cleanroom classifications range from ISO 8 to ISO 6, with dew point temperatures varying between –20°C and –45°C. Ardmac was also appointed as the dry cleanroom contractor for the original battery manufacturing facility in Washington, Sunderland. Our scope of work included the detailed design and installation of the cleanroom envelope, featuring rapid roller conveyor hatches, luminaires, fan filter units, partitions, ceilings, flooring, doors, builders’ work openings, fire stopping, and furniture, fixtures, and equipment. The project was successfully handed over on schedule and in full compliance with the specified requirements.

CASE STUDIES

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Our clients are powering the future.

Ardmac Ireland Swords Business Campus Swords,

Co. Dublin K67 Y2P7

Ardmac UK Suite 5C Manchester International Office Centre Styal Rd Manchester M22 5WB Ardmac Iberia Parque Empresarial A2 Plaza C/ Nanclares de Oca, nº 5 28022, Madrid, España

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Get in touch directly.

ENDA MURPHY Chief Business Officer

PETER LONERGAN Associate Director Pre Construction & Innovation Data Centres & EV Battery peter.lonergan@ardmac.com +353 (0) 86 042 3176 www.ardmac.com

Business Enquiries enda.murphy@ardmac.com +353 (0) 85 888 8340 www.ardmac.com

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