Bismuth vanadate decked polyaniline polymeric nanocomposites: the robust photocatalytic destruction of microbial and chemical toxicants Jari Algethami 1,2 , M. Shamshi Hassan 3 *, Touseef Amna 4 *, Laila S. Alqarni 5 , Mohsen A. M. Alhamami 1 and Amal F. Seliem 1 1 Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia, 2 Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Advanced Materials and Nano-Research, Centre, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia, 3 Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Albaha University, Albaha 65799, Saudi Arabia, 4 Department of Biology, College of Science, Albaha University, Albaha 65799, Saudi Arabia, 5 Chemistry Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU),Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia Functional materials have long been studied for a variety of environmental applications,resource rescue, and many other conceivable applications. The present study reports on the synthesis of bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) integrated polyaniline (PANI) using the hydrothermal method. The topology of BiVO4 decked PANI catalysts was investigated by SEM and TEM. XRD, EDX, FT-IR, and antibacterial testing were used to examine the physicochemical and antibacterial properties of the samples, respectively. Microscopic images revealed that BiVO4@PANI are comprised of BiVO4 hollow cages made up of nanobeads that are uniformly dispersed across PANI tubes. The PL results confirm that the composite has the lowest electron-hole recombination compared to others samples. BiVO4@PANI composite photocatalysts demonstrated the maximum degradation efficiency compared to pure BiVO4 and PANI for rhodamine B dye. The probable antimicrobial and photocatalytic mechanisms of the BiVO4@PANI photocatalyst were proposed. The enhanced antibacterial and photocatalytic activity could be attributed to the high surface area and combined impact of PANI and BiVO4, which promoted the migration efficiency of photo-generated electron holes. These findings open up ways for the potential use of BiVO4@PANI in industries, environmental remediation, pharmaceutical and medical sectors. Nevertheless, biocompatibility for human tissues should be thoroughly examined to lead to future improvements in photocatalytic performance and increase antibacterial efficacy References 1. Amna, T. Bactericide gold decorated mulberry fibers for therapeutic and non-therapeutic J. Umm Al-Qura Univ. Appl. Sci. 2023 . 2. Amna, T.; Alghamdi, A.A.; Shang, K.; Hassan, M.S. Nigella Sativa-Coated Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds: Synergetic Cues to Stimulate Myoblasts Differentiation and Offset Tissue Eng. Regen. Med. 2021 , 18 , 787–795. 3. Amna, T.; Hassan, M.S.; Barakat, N.A.; Pandeya, D.R.; Hong, S.T.; Khil, M.-S.; Kim, H.Y. Antibacterial activity and interaction mechanism of electrospun zinc-doped titania Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2012 , 93 , 743–751. 4. Amna, T.; Hassan, M.S.; Sheikh, F.A.; Seo, H.C.; Kim, H.-C.; Alotaibi, N.; Alshahrani, T.; Khil, M.-S. Natural mulberry biomass fibers doped with silver as an antimicrobial textile: A new generation Text. Res. J. 2021 , 91 , 2581–2587. 5. Algethami, J.S.; Hassan, M.S.; Alorabi, A.Q.; Alhemiary, N.A.; Fallatah, A.M.; Alnaam, Y.; Almusabi, S.; Amna, T. Manganese Ferrite–Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposite Synthesis: Biogenic Waste Remodeling for Water Nanomaterials 2022 , 12 , 1631. 6. Algethami, J.S.; Hassan, M.S.; Amna, T.; Sheikh, F.A.; Alhamami, M.A.M.; Seliem, A.F.; Faisal, M.; Kim, H.Y. Nanotextured CeO 2 −SnO 2 Composite: Efficient Photocatalytic, Antibacterial, and Energy Storage Fibers. Nanomaterials 2023 , 13 , 1001
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