Removal of anthraquinone dye by adsorption onto hybrid modified green activated carbons George Kyzas and Athanasia Tolkou Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, 65404 Kavala, Greece kyzas@chem.ihu.gr Dyes have become one of the major pollutants to the environment due to the high amount of discharge of wastewater, lost in the dyeing process, without any further treatment and containing high concentrations of dye. Anthraquinone dyes are one of the main water pollutants due to their stability and persistence in the aquatic system. Various methods, including physical and chemical treatments, have been used to remove these dyes from the wastewater. Adsorption on activated carbon has been found to be a very efficient technique and the modification of activated carbon with the oxides and hydroxides of metals have been used to increase its surface area. The present study describes the use of activated carbon produced from coconut shells, modified with a mixture of metals and metalloids, such as magnesium, silicate, lanthanum and aluminum (AC-Mg-Si-La-Al), as an adsorbent to remove reactive anthraquinone dye Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) from its aqueous solution. The effect of the adsorbent’s dosage, pH value, contact time and initial RBBR concentration was examined with respect to RBBR removal in order to determine the feasibility of AC-Mg-Si-La-Al. According to the results, with the increase of the adsorbent’s dosage, the percentage removal of RBBR is increased in all examined pH values. Especially, in pH 9, the removal rate increases with the use of low dose (0.2 g/L) reaching 100% by 0.5 g/L. Therefore, the optimal dose of 0.4 g/L and pH 9 are selected, which leads to 99% removal of RBBR and the adsorption capacity of AC-Mg-Si-La-Al was found to increase. So as to increase the cost-effectiveness of adsorption, 4 h (240 min) of contact time were selected as optimal time for batch experiments. Acknowledgements: This research was funded by the Greek Ministry of Development and Investments (General Secretariat for Research and Technology) through the research project “Research-Create-Innovate”, with the topic “Development of an integration methodology for the treatment of micropollutants in wastewaters and leachates coupling adsorption, advanced oxidation processes and membrane technology” (Grant no: T2EDK-04066).
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© The Author(s), 2023
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