sample of 50 respondents. The study concludes that echo chambers and filter bubbles on social media in Hadhramaut play a role in enhancing the political and ideological affiliation of users, and that social media users in Hadhramaut tend to be exposed to and select opinions, information and virtual groups that align with their political views. The study also reveals that the majority of the individuals in the sample sometimes adjust their political opinions due to the influence of the opinions of the community in virtual groups on Facebook, WhatsApp or Telegram. Furthermore, the study clarifies that echo chambers and filter bubbles do not have a direct relationship with the spread of hate speech on social media networks in Hadhramaut. Keywords: Echo Chambers, Filter Bubbles, Hate Speech, Hadhramaut, Social Media.
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