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Oral recuperation fluids (ORF) are generally used to promote enterocyte health, maintain hydration, and stimulate appetite. A study evaluating the use of an ORF in puppies with CPV had promising results. This study showed that the group of CPV puppies that were given the ORF had a more rapid return to voluntary food intake as compared to the group not given the ORF (1.5 vs 4.25 days). In addition, the ORF group had greater caloric intake at 24 hours as compared to the group not given ORF (100% vs 19%). The authors of the study concluded that the CPV dogs voluntarily consumed the ORF and that consumption was associated with a more rapid return of voluntary appetite and improved caloric intake. Fecal transplants allow for modification of the intestinal bacterial microbiota, and their use has shown promise as a supplemental treatment in a variety of GI diseases. In one study of dogs with CPV, fecal transplantation was associated with faster resolution of diarrhea. The process of transplantation involves collection of feces from a healthy dog and diluting the fecal sample in saline. A red rubber catheter is inserted through the anus and into the rectum, where the diluted feces are deposited. Sedation is usually not required. Immunotherapy has been advocated to lessen the severity of CPV-related disease; however, it has not been found to significantly influence clinical recovery or survival. No definitive benefit has been identified following the administration of antiviral drugs or recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. A more recent study found that administration of filgrastim, a recombinant methionyl human granulocyte colony stimulating factor, to dogs with hemorrhagic gastroenteritis and leukopenia, resulted in resolution of the leukopenia within 48 hours, and all dogs recovered. This study was not specific to dogs with CPV and there was no control group in this study. PROGNOSIS The prognosis for canine parvovirus infection is fair to good with treatment, with recent reports of 80-90% survival with both outpatient and in-hospital treatment. Resources: Acciacca R, Sullivan LA, Webb T, Johnson V, Dow SW. Clinical evaluation of hyperimmune plasma for treatment of dogs with naturally occurring parvoviral enteritis. J Vet Emerg Crit Care. 2020;30(5):525-533.
Goddard A, Leisewitz AL. Canine Parvovirus. Vet Clin Small Anim. 2010; 40(6):1041-1053.
Hayes G, Benedicenti L, Mathews K. Retrospective cohort study on the incidence of acute kidney injury and death following hydroxyethyl starch (HES 10% 250/0.5/5:1) administration in dogs (2007-2010). J Vet Emerg Crit Care. 2016;26(1): 35-40. Kalli I, Leontides LS, Mylonakis ME, et al. Factors affecting the occurrence, duration of hospitalization and final outcome in canine parvovirus infection. Res Vet Sci. 2010;89(2):174-178 McClure V, van Schnoor M, Thompson PN, et al. Evaluation of the use of serum C-reactive protein concentration to predict outcome in puppies infected with canine parvovirus. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2013;243(3):361-366. Mohr AJ, Leisewitz AL, Jacobson LS, Steiner JM, Ruaux CG, Williams DA. Effect of early enteral nutrition on intestinal permeability, intestinal protein loss, and outcome in dogs with severe parvoviral enteritis. J Vet Intern Med. 2003;17(6):791-798.
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Pereira GQ, Gomes LA, Santos IS, et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation in puppies with canine parvovirus infection. J Vet Intern Med. 2018;32(2):707-711.
Proksch AL, Unterer S, Speck S, Truyen U, Hartmann K. Influence of clinical and laboratory variables on faecal antigen ELISA results in dogs with canine parvovirus infection. Vet J. 2015;204(3):304-8. Punia S, Kumar T, Agnihotri D, Sharma M. A study on effect of filgrastim in severe leukopenia associated with hemorrhagic gastroenteritis in dogs. J Pharm Innov. 2021;10(11): 868-870. Sullivan LA, Lenberg JP, Boscan P, Hackett TB, Twedt DC. Assessing the efficacy of maropitant versus ondansetron in the treatment of dogs with parvoviral enteritis. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 2018;54(6):338-343. Tenne R, Sullivan L, Contreras ET, et al. Palatability and clinical effects of an oral recuperation fluid during the recovery of dogs with suspected parvoviral enteritis. Top Companion Anim Med. 2016;31(2):68-72.
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Decaro N, Buonavoglia C. Canine parvovirus- a review of epidemiological and diagnostics aspects, with emphasis on type 2c. Vet Microbiol. 2012;155(1): 1-12.
Gaykwad C, Garkhal J, Chethan GE, et al. Amelioration of oxidative stress using N-acetylcysteine in canine parvoviral enteritis. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2018;41(1):68-75.
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