QUARTERLY BEAT / APRIL 2024
QUARTERLY BEAT / APRIL 2024
REFERENCES AND READINGS
TIPS AND TRICKS TO MAXIMIZE SEDATION
INJECTION TECHNIQUES It would be negligent not to mention safety during these appointments. This was touched on earlier but includes training yourself and staff, knowing when to back off, and always having an escape route and something to protect yourself with or throw over the patient (big blanket, pillows, etc.). Appointments with pets that have behavioral issues can be challenging, however, with good planning, training, the correct drug or drug combination choices, and extra time, they can be well conducted with minimal stress for the patient and without putting you and your staff in harm’s way.
1. A hungry animal is more likely to eat food with drugs in it (maropitant may be given prior to other drugs that may cause vomiting, e.g., the alpha2-adrenergic agonists). 2. Choose high-value food and treats. 3. Avoid known triggers, e.g. strangers, restraint. 4. Minimize noise, activity, and the number of people in the area where the sedation will take place. In some cases, the owner may offer drug-laced food in their car outside the clinic (give them gloves to wear to avoid contact with the drugs). 5. Leave the pet undisturbed after drugs have been administered, regardless of route.
1. Boardman H, Farnworth MJ. Changes to Adult Dog Social Behaviour during and after COVID-19 Lockdowns in England: A Qualitative Analysis of Owner Perception. Animals (Basel) 2022;12. 2. Sacchettino L, Gatta C, Chirico A, et al. Puppies Raised during the COVID-19 Lockdown Showed Fearful and Aggressive Behaviors in Adulthood: An Italian Survey. Vet Sci 2023;10. 3. Xu Y, Christiaen E, De Witte S, et al. Network analysis reveals abnormal functional brain circuitry in anxious dogs. PLoS One 2023;18:e0282087. 4. Jay AR, Krotscheck U, Parsley E, et al. Pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and hemodynamic effects of trazodone after intravenous and oral administration of a single dose to dogs. Am J Vet Res 2013;74:1450-1456. 5. Korpivaara M, Huhtinen M, Aspegrén J, Overall K. Dexmedetomidine oromucosal gel reduces fear and anxiety in dogs during veterinary visits: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical pilot study. Vet Rec 2021;189:e832. 6. Adrian D, Papich MG, Baynes R, et al. The pharmacokinetics of gabapentin in cats. J Vet Intern Med 2018;32:1996-2002. 7. Pankratz KE, Ferris KK, Griffith EH, Sherman BL. Use of single- dose oral gabapentin to attenuate fear responses in cage-trap confined community cats: a double-blind, placebo-controlled field trial. J Feline Med Surg 2018;20:535-543. 8. Quimby JM, Lorbach SK, Saffire A, et al. Serum concentrations of gabapentin in cats with chronic kidney disease. J Feline Med Surg 2022;24:1260-1266.
9. Stevens BJ, Frantz EM, Orlando JM, et al. Efficacy of a single dose of trazodone hydrochloride given to cats prior to veterinary visits to reduce signs of transport- and examination-related anxiety. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2016;249:202-207. 10. Orlando JM, Case BC, Thomson AE, et al. Use of oral trazodone for sedation in cats: a pilot study. J Feline Med Surg 2016;18:476- 482. 11. Hopfensperger M, Messenger KM, Papich MG, Sherman BL. The use of oral transmucosal detomidine hydrochloride gel to facilitate handling in dogs. Journal of Veterinary Behavior 2013;8:114-123. 12. Messenger KM, Hopfensperger M, Knych HK, Papich MG. Pharmacokinetics of detomidine following intravenous or oral- transmucosal administration and sedative effects of the oral- transmucosal treatment in dogs. Am J Vet Res 2016;77:413-420. 13. Kasten JI, Messenger KM, Campbell NB. Sedative and cardiopulmonary effects of buccally administered detomidine gel and reversal with atipamezole in dogs. Am J Vet Res 2018;79:1253-1260. 14. Smith P, Tolbert MK, Gould E, et al. Pharmacokinetics, sedation and hemodynamic changes following the administration of oral transmucosal detomidine gel in cats. J Feline Med Surg 2020;22:1184-1190. 15. Nejamkin P, Cavilla V, Clausse M, et al. Sedative and physiologic effects of tiletamine-zolazepam following buccal administration in cats. J Feline Med Surg 2020;22:108-113.
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RESOURCES
T raining P rograms – A nimal handling and recognizing the body language of fear , stress , and anxiety • Fear Free® https://fearfreepets.com • Foote and Friends www.drsallyjfoote.com • Sophia Yin’s Low Stress Handling https://cattledogpublishing.com • American Association of Feline Practitioners Cat-Friendly Programs – Practice and Individual https://catvets.com/cfp/cat-friendly-recognition-programs
T he C hill P rotocol to M anage A ggressive & F earful D ogs • www.cliniciansbrief.com/article/chill-protocol-manage- aggressive-fearful-dogs
IM I njection by M ele T ong , CVT, VTS A nesthesia & A nalgesia
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• www.youtube.com/watch?v=6EXV1_QJHP0 • www.youtube.com/watch?v=36XmpWZwqPg
C at H andling E quipment • Tomahawk Live Trap: www.livetrap.com
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VETGIRL BEAT EMAGAZINE | VETGIRLONTHERUN.COM
VETGIRL BEAT EMAGAZINE | VETGIRLONTHERUN.COM
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