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Chemical profile and antibacterial activities of Clinopodium vernayanum extracts Lucia Kabanga* 1 , Maurice Monjerezi 1 , Vinesh Maharaj 2 1 Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Malawi, Zomba, Malawi 2 Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa Clinopodium vernayanum (Lamiaceae) is traditionally taken as herbal tea and purported to prevent and treat infectious diseases in Malawi. This study reports on the chemical profile and antibacterial activities of extracts from C. vernayanum. Extracts were obtained by sequential maceration of ground dried leaves. Hexane, Dichloromethane, Methanol and aqueous extracts were investigated for their antibacterial activities using the agar disk diffusion and modified broth micro dilution assays. Chemical profiling of the extracts was done using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometer: Quadrupole Time of Flight (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS). Clinopodium vernayanum hexane extract had the broadest antibacterial activities inhibiting all five bacterial strains. The highest antimicrobial activity was observed for the methanol C. vernayanum extract. UPLC-MS/MS analysis led to the identification of known bioactive compounds such as Naringenin, Linarin, Naringin in the C. vernayanum methanolic extract. The results show the significance of C. vernayanum as potential source of anti-infective compounds. Keywords: Clinopodium vernayanum, antibacterial, naringenin, UPLC-MS/MS.
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